Chemical Research in Chinese Universities

Cover and Content of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities Vol.26 No.6(2010)

2010, 26(6): 0.

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Reductive Metabolism of Nitroaromatic Compounds by Various Liver Microsomes

2010, 26(6): 981-985.

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Nitroaromatic compounds were reductively metabolized to the corresponding amine compounds via the intermediate hydroxylamines by liver microsomes from pig, rat, chook, cattle, sheep, paralichthys olivaceus and cyprinoid in varied reactivity. Toward the 4-nitro-1,2-dicyanbenzen substrate 1a, the pig, rat and sheep livers exhibited the higher reactivity, and the cyprinoid was inefficient for the reduction. Contrasted to 1a, it was difficult to reduce the monocyannitrobenzene 2a by pig liver. Compared with the baker’s yeast and grape cells, the liver microsomes exhibited higher reactivity toward the hydroxylamines.

Volume Contents of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities to Vol.26(2010)

2010, 26(6): 1.

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Crystal Structure and Solution Behavior of a Novel Enantiopure Helical Coordination Polymer Based on Binaphthyl-bisbipyridine Ligand

JIN Ri-zhe, BIAN Zheng, HE Ya-bing and GAO Lian-xun*

2010, 26(6): 857-861.

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An enantiopure helical coordination polymer AgPF6·(R)-3 as crystalline solid was synthesized by the self-assembly of chiral binaphthyl-based ligand (R)-6,6'-di[6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)]-2,2'-diethoxyl-1,1'-binaphthalene [(R)-3] and Ag+ ion. The single crystal structural analysis indicates that this polymer exhibits an infinite cylindric single-stranded M-helical structure with local Λ configuration at each tetrahedral metal center. However, the extended structure is dissociated into some oligomeric fragments in solution. The 1H NMR spectra of complex AgPF6·(R)-3 show that the ligand possesses a good C2 symmetry, and the chemical shifts of the protons depend on the concentration and temperature. In addition, there are rapid dynamic exchanges among some oligonuclear fragments in the solution of AgPF6·(R)-3.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Open-framework Cobalt-tungsten Phosphate [H3NCH2CH2NH3]3[Co3W4P4O28]

ZHANG Yan-lin, YU Hai-hui, ZHOU Yang, HOU Dian-hui and KONG Li*

2010, 26(6): 862-865.

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A new three-dimensional open-framework cobalt(II)-tungsten(VI) phosphate, [H3NCH2CH2NH3]3?[Co3W4P4O28](1) has been synthesized from the reaction of CoCl2?6H2O, WO3, H3PO4, ethylenediamine and H2O. The title compound was fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, magnetic properties, thermogravimetric analysis, XPS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in a tetragonal space group I4(1)/a with a=1.7118(4) nm, c=1.0773(2) nm, V =3.1568(11) nm3, Z =4.

Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Two New Lanthanide(III)-5-(2-pyridyl)tetrazolate Complexes

ZHOU Yun-shan, XU Dong-hua and ZHANG Li-juan*

2010, 26(6): 866-870.

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Two new mononuclear lanthanide(III) complexes Ln(pytz)3(H2O)3·(H2O)3.5[Ln=Tb(1); Eu(2); Hpytz= 5-(2-pyridyl)tetrazole] were synthesized by reacting Hpytz with the corresponding lanthanide(III) ions and characterized. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural and the lanthanide(III) ions in both complexes 1 and 2 are nine-coordinated, with three oxygen atoms of three coordination water molecules and six nitrogen atoms of three pytz ligands, forming a monocapped square antiprism. Extensive hydrogen bonds exist, resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular network structure by hydrogen-bonds in both complexes 1 and 2, respectively. Complex 1 exhibits typical green fluorescence of Tb(III) ion and complex 2 red fluorescence of Eu(III) ion, in solid state at room temperature.

Highly Stable CdSe/CdS/ZnS Fluorophores in Acidic Environment: Acile Preparation and Modification of Core/shell/shell Nanocrystals

YUE Yang, GE Mei-ying, LIU Yan, WU Jie, CHEN Ping, LIN Lie, LIU Yu-feng, SUN Yan, CHEN Xin* and DAI Ning*

2010, 26(6): 871-875.

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We described a facile method for preparing CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell nanocrystals from air-stable single source precursors. The single source precursors of cadmium ethylxanthate and zinc ethylxanthate were used to form CdS and ZnS shell layers in octadecene. An efficient modification of CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanocrystals was subsequently performed to obtain hydrophilic nanocrystal fluorophores with good stability in a pH range of 1.6—10.

Phase Evolution and Magnetic Properties of Sn1-2xFexNbxO2(0.45≤x≤0.50)

WANG Yu*, JIA Xiao-lin, DONG Lin and GUAN Shao-kang

2010, 26(6): 876-879.

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Sn1–2xFexNbxO2(0.45≤x≤0.50) samples were prepared at 1000 °C via a simple chemical co-precipitation method. The effects of the concentrations of Sn doped on the structures and magnetic properties of the samples have been investigated. A systematic variation from monoclinic to orthorhombic FeNbO4 structure was observed with increasing Sn content. The phase evolutions were observed from monoclinic structure with x=0.50 to the coexistence of monoclinic and orthorhombic structures with x=0.48, 0.47, 0.46, and then to orthorhombic structure with x=0.45. Antiferromagnetic behavior was observed for all the samples, and the magnetic ordering temperatures decrease with increasing Sn concentration, which further indicated the sequence of phase transitions. The results suggest that the incorporation of Sn can stabilize the orthorhombic FeNbO4.

Ultrafast Microwave-hydrothermal Synthesis of CdTe Nanocrystal and Its Application to Fingerprint Detection

SHEN Qi-hui, LIU Yan, ZOU Ming-qiang, LI Jin-feng, ZHOU Jian-guang* and MENG Chang-gong*

2010, 26(6): 880-883.

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We have developed a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, where both microwave and hydrothermal techniques are utilized to synthesize CdTe nanocrystals with high quality in less than 55 s. Among the known preparation methods, the monodisperse CdTe nanocrystals showing narrow emission spectra, widest scope of emission peak(from 500 nm to 822 nm) and high quantum yield(up to 80%) were synthesized by this route. The quantum yield of CdTe with near-infrared emission(>800 nm) is up to 10%, which is better than that of InAs(0.5%―2%) synthesized in organic phase. Moreover, we detected the latent fingerprints on aluminum, plastic, glass and papers by prepared CdTe nanocrystals, and photoluminescence fingerprints images were taken with a digital camera. Then the images would transmitt into fingerprint detection system of computer to identify the criminals in suit.

Phenanthroline-based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Zn2+ in DMF Buffer Solution

WANG Xiu-li*, ZHENG Wen-yan, LIN Hong-yan and LIU Guo-cheng

2010, 26(6): 884-887.

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A simple "off-on" fluorescent chemosensor with high selectivity to zinc ions based on 1,10-phenanthro- line receptor dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline(L) was investigated. The selectivity response of receptor L to zinc ion was demonstrated by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in DMF buffer solution. The experiment results show that the fluorescent chemosensor L exhibits the optimum response behavior to Zn2+ in the range of pH 8.0―9.0 and shows excellent selectivity to Zn2+ over other cations tested.

Comparison of Constituents and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia by Steam Distillation and Supercritical-CO2 Fluid Extraction

YUAN Hai-bin, SHANG Li-na, WEI Chun-yan and REN Bing-zhong*

2010, 26(6): 888-892.

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Essential oil was extracted from Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC. by steam distillation(SD) and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction(SFE), respectively. The constituents of the essentil oils extracted with those two methods were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and insecticidal activities of the essential oils were evaluated, then the results were compared to assess their biological activity. Thirty-one compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted by SD, and its main components were eucalyptol, α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene- 1-methanol and so on. Twenty-two compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted by SFE, and its main components were cyclodecene, n-hexadecanoic acid and so on. Six chemical compositions were all contained in the essential oils extracted by the two methods, i.e., eucalyptol, α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, caryophyllene, [3aS-(3aα,3bβ,4β,7α,7aS)]-octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-(1-methylethyl)-1H-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa- [1,2]benzene, nerolidol and (–)-Spathulenol. The fumigation toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SD to the adults of Sitophilus zeamais is significantly higher than that of the essential oil by means of SFE. The contact toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SFE to the adults of S. zeamais is higher than that of the essential oil obtained by means of SD, but the difference is not significant.

Flow-injection Determination of Cysteine, N-Acetyl Cysteine and Glutathione in Pharmaceuticals via Potassium Ferricyanide-Fe(III) Spectrophotometric System

WASEEM Amir*, YAQOOB Mohammad and NABI Abdul

2010, 26(6): 893-898.

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A simple flow injection spectrophotometric method is reported for the determination of cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione based on the reduction of Fe(III)/ferricyanide, the in situ reduced ions are reacted with unreduced portion of ferricyanide/Fe(III) to form soluble Prussian blue, which is monitored at 735 nm. The calibration graphs are linear in the concentration ranges of (1―100)×10–6 mol/L for cysteine and N-acetyl cysteine, and (1―50)×10–6 mol/L for glutathione. The relative standard deviations of 1.8%, 2.5% and 1.9% were found for eleven replicate analyses of 5×10–6 mol/L cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione. The limits of detection(3σ blank) at 5×10–7 mol/L for cysteine, and 3×10–7 mol/L for N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione were obtained. The proposed method allowed 60 injections/h. The effects of common substances present in pharmaceuticals and human physiological fluids were examined. The method was applied to determining cysteine in pharmaceutical formulations with the recoveries in a range of 97% to 106% and the results obtained are agreed well with labeled values.

Application of Back-propagation Artificial Neural Network in Speciation of Cadmium

WANG Lin-lin, ZHANG Jie, LIU Hai-yan, ZHANG Hai-tao, WANG Hong-yan, YANG Xiu-rong and WANG Ying-hua*

2010, 26(6): 899-904.

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A method for predicting the five species contents of cadmium was developed by combining the back-propagation artificial neural network with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(BP-ANN-GF-AAS). Based on the strong learning function and the features of the information distributed storage of artificial neural network(ANN), a single ANN was constituted in which only one determination point of every sample was required. The exchangeable, carbonated, Fe-Mn oxidable, organic and residual species of cadmium for 20 kinds of soil samples from the two sections of Changchun(China) were determined by BP-ANN-GF-AAS. The detection limit of the method is 0.024 ?g/L and the limit of quantification is 0.080 ?g/L. t-Test indicates that there is not any systemic error of the results obtained by the Tessier sequential extraction graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method(Tessier -GF-AAS) and BP-ANN-GF-AAS. Compared with those of the Tessier-GF-AAS, the prediction errors of BP-ANN-GF-AAS are less than 10%. The proposed method is fast, convenient, sensitive, and can eliminate the interference among various species.

Rapid Quantification of Chinese Medicine Zuo Jin Pill via RRLC

LIANG Xu, ZHANG Xi*, XU Zhi-xiu, LIU Hui, HE Ya-jun, LV Yong-hai and ZHANG Wei-dong*

2010, 26(6): 905-909.

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A rapid method based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography(RRLC) coupled with a diode array detector(DAD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of six major constituents(magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, palmatine, berberine and evodiamine) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Zuo Jin Pill(ZJP). The satisfactory chromatographic separation was carried on an Eclipse Plus C18 column(1.8 μm i.d., 150 mm×4.6 mm) by linear gradient elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-acetate buffer. All the calibration curves show good linearity (r2 >0.9998). The detection limits and quantification limits ranged in 1.4―12 ng and 4.8―30 ng, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 0.63% with accuracies 98.60%―100.78%, and the recoveries were from 99.45% to 100.46%. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) was used to evaluate the variation of the herbal prescription. The results demonstrate that this analytical method is simple, sensitive and reliable for rapidly analyzing six major bioactive compounds in ZJPs and is helpful to comprehensively evaluating the quality of this TCM.

Rapid Determination of Ranitidine in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study

ZHANG Chao, WANG Lu, GUAN Xin, J. Paul Fawcett, ZHAO Li-mei*, SUN Yan-tong and GU Jing-kai*

2010, 26(6): 910-914.

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A rapid and sensitive assay based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of ranitidine(RAN) in human plasma with codeine as internal standard(IS). After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the analyte and IS were separated on a Zorbax SB-Aq C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm i. d., 5 μm) eluted with a mobile phase consisting of methanol/acetonitrile/10 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 1% formic acid(pH=2.4)(volume ratio 12.5:12.5:75) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed by electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode followed by the multiple reaction monito- ring(MRM) of the transitions of RAN at m/z 315.1→176.3 and of IS at m/z 300.1→165.1. The method was linear over a concentration range of 1―1000 ng/mL(r=0.9991) with a lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL and a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.3 ng/mL. Accuracy as relative error was from –0.01% to –1.7% and intra-day and inter-day precisions as relative standard deviation were ≤8.9% and ≤5.5%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ranitidine, getting a single oral dose(160 mg) to healthy volunteers.

Separation and Bio-activities of Spirostanol Saponin from Tribulus terrestris

ZHANG Shuang, YANG Rui-jie, LI Hong, YIN Zong-yuan, ZHOU Hong-yu,LI Xu-wen, JIN Yong-ri* and YANG Shi-jie*

2010, 26(6): 915-921.

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Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris(GSTT) have exact effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. But as a mixture, the specific efficient component of GSTT is still unknown. Nine monomers of spirostanol saponins were isolated and idendified as JA―JI(named transitorily) by means of NMR spectrometry. After bio- activity screening on them, we defined that monomers tigogenin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(compound JB) and hecogenin3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(compound JG) have cytoprotective bio-activity. Compound JB display effective dose in 10–8 and 10–9 mol/L, and JG in 10–6―10–9 mol/L. Survival rate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and apoptosis also show that JB(at dose 10–8, 10–9 and 10–10 mol/L) can protect myocardial injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R). While morphology change also shows JG has cytoprotective bio-activity.

Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activities of Some New Azasterols

CHEN Shao-rui, LIU Dong-zhi, WU Xue-dan, LI Wei and ZHOU Xue-qin*

2010, 26(6): 922-928.

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A series of novel azasterols 8a―8h and 10a―10c were synthesized from the key intermediate 6 by acylation and deprotection. Compound 6 was obtained through a series of reactions including Wittig reaction, etherification, ene reaction, oxidation, oximation and reduction. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, MS and 1H NMR. Furthermore, all of these compounds were screened for in vitro antiparasitic activity against L. donovani. Among them, compounds 8h, 10a and 10b showed a fair inhibition of leishmania promastigotes growth at 25 μg/mL, with potencies close to that of the reference drug, amphotericin B. The results provide a starting point for the development of novel drugs to treat leishmaniasis.

Synthesis and Biological Activities of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetyl(thio)urea and S-(+)-3-Methyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)butyramide Derivatives

LIU Li, XUE Si-jia*, BU Hong-fei and CHEN Long

2010, 26(6): 929-932.

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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetyl(thio)urea and S-(+)-3-methyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)butyramides were synthesized via acylation, aminolysis, esterification and addition reactions, and the partial new compounds have desirable bioactive activity.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 3,3',3″,3'″-o-, p-Phenylenedi-methylidinetetrakis-(4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one)

AN Lin, LIU Dong-mei, WANG Jin-xiang and YAN Chao-guo*

2010, 26(6): 933-936.

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Under microwave irradiation, 2,2'-alkoxy-bridging or 4,4'-alkoxy-bridging dibenzaldehydes reacted with 4-hydroxycoumarin in DMF to give a series of 3,3',3″,3'″-o- and 3,3',3″,3'″-p-phenylenedimethylidinetetrakis-(4- hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones) in moderate yields. The structures of the synthetic coumarin derivatives were characterized with IR, 1H NMR and MS spectroscopy as well as X-ray single crystallography.

Three-component Reaction of Aromatic Aldehyde, Malononitrile and Aliphatic Amine Leading to Different Pyridine Derivatives

CHEN Jiao, MA Zhen and YAN Chao-guo*

2010, 26(6): 937-941.

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The three-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and aliphatic amine in a mixed solvent of methanol and water exhibited very interesting molecular diversity and gave the derivatives of polysubstituted N-methyldihydropyridines, 2-dialkylaminopyridines and 2-methoxypyridines as main products according to the structure of aliphatic amines used.

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of Z-Asp-Val-Tyr-NH2―A Precursor Tripeptide of Thymopentin

GUO Yi, ZHANG Yong-xia, JIANG Xin, ZHANG Xue-zhong, WU Yi* and XU Li*

2010, 26(6): 942-947.

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Z-Asp-Val-Tyr-NH2, a precursor tripeptide of thymopentin(TP-5), was successfully synthesized by a combination of chemical and enzyme methods. Firstly, the precursor dipeptide Val-Tyr-NH2 was synthesized by a novel chemical method in four steps including the preparation of NCA-Val, the esterification of L-tyrosine and the ammonolysis of L-tyrosine ethyl ester, and the formation of Val-Tyr-NH2 from NCA-Val and L-Tyr-NH2. Secondly, a thermolysin, thermoase PC 10F was used to catalyze the formation of Z-Asp-Val-Tyr-NH2 in an aqueous/organic solvent diphase system with Z-Asp-OH and Val-Ty-NH2 as the substrates under thermodynamic control. The optimum conditions were pH=6.5, 40 °C, thermoase 100 mg, in 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid MES/NaOH(containing 5 mmol/L CaCl2) of n-butanol system(15/85, volume ratio) for 20 h in a maximum yield of 27.02%.

Preparation of Polyporus Albicans Teng Sulfate and Its Anti-coagulation Activity

YANG Xi-ming, FAN Cong, GUO Nan, YAO Xing-wei and ZHANG Li-ping*

2010, 26(6): 948-954.

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More studies have indicated that polysaccharide sulfate has anti-coagulant activity. Now, heparin is the most popular anticoagulant used in clinic, however, its side effects have also caused highly concern. It is still under intensive investigations to synthesize effective safe polysaccharide sulfate as heparin substitute. We extracted water-soluble polysaccharide from fermented mycelium of edible polyporus albicans(Imaz.) teng, and got the water-soluble polyporus albicans teng sulfate(PATS) by modifying the water-solubility polyose with the method of chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine. The anti-coagulant assay of PATS in vitro towards normal human plasma indicates its remarkable anticoagulant activity, while the dose could be as low as 5 mg/L for anticoagulation. The anti-coagulant effect was equivalent to that of heparin about 150 U when the concentration of PATS was 10 mg/L. The study on anti- coagulation mechanism suggests that PATS got involved in the intrinsic pathway. The anti-coagulation activity of PATS was due to the inhibition of the coagulation factors IIa and Xa activities mediated by antithrombin III(ATIII). The anti-coagulation mechanism of PATS is absolutely identical to that of heparin. In conclusion, we suggest that PATS has the similar anti-coagulation characteristic to heparin, but with a better anti-coagulation effect. Meanwhile, derived from edible fungus-polysaccharide, PATS has more bio-safety advantage. Therefore, PATS has promising future to be developed and used as an ideal substitute for heparin in clinic.

Aquaporin-3 Deletion Reduces Glycerol and ATP Content in Mouse Sciatic Nerve

ZHANG Di, GUO Lei, ZHU Na, SU Wei-heng, GUAN Xin-gang, YI Fei, HAO Feng, XIAO Ying-hong, LIU Jia, LIU Tian-zhou and MA Tong-hui*

2010, 26(6): 955-957.

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We reported the expression and function of aquaglyceroporin AQP3 in mouse peripheral nervous system. AQP3 mRNA was identified in freshly isolated mouse sciatic nerve by RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence using AQP3 antibody localized the protein expression in the myelin sheathe of sciatic nerve fibers. Although primary morpholo- gical evaluation of sciatic nerves from AQP3-knockout and wildtype mice revealed no significant difference, biochemical analysis demonstrated remarkably decreased glycerol and ATP contents in freshly isolated AQP3-knockout sciatic nerve. The study indicates an important role of facilitated glycerol transport mechanism in peripheral nerve energy metabolism.

Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana Response to Specialist Herbivore Plutella xylostella

LIU Lin-lin, ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Yun-feng, LI Yan-chun, XI Jing-hui* and LI Shan-yu*

2010, 26(6): 958-963.

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The changes of the proteome in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were examined by specialist Plutella xylostella. Analysis of about 1100 protein spots on each 2DE gel revealed 38 differentially expressed protein spots in abun- dance of which 34 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Among the insect feeding responsive proteins, a few proteins involved in carbon metabolism were identified including proteins associated with the Calvin cycle in the chloroplast and TCA cycle in the mitochondria, indicating carbon metabolism related proteins may play crucial roles in induced defense response in plants under insect infestation. The analysis elucidates the subcellular location of proteins demonstrates that about 50% of proteins are in the chloroplast, which shows the chloroplast has a key role in the insect feeding response for plant. Gene expression analysis of 10 different proteins by quantitative real-time PCR shows that four proteins of the mRNA level were correlated well with the protein level. This study further dissected the nature of insect infestation as a stress signal and some novel insect feeding responsive proteins identified may play an important role in induced defence machanism for plant.

Inhibitory Effects of Phenylacetic Acid on Proliferation of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma BXPC-3 Cells by the Regulation of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA

JIANG Tao, REN Hui, ZHANG Guang, ZHANG Ling, TIAN Xiao-feng, JIA Hui-jie, HAN Li-ying* and TIAN Yu*

2010, 26(6): 964-968.

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The effect and mechanism of phenylacetic acid on the proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells were investigated in cultured pancreatic carcinoma BXPC-3 cells by means of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry assay. The results show that the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma cells with phenylacetic acid significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners. The proliferation of BXPC-3 cells was inhibited at the stage of S phase, the cells at the end stage of S phase were accumulated abundantly, and thus DNA synthesis could not be accomplished entirely. In addition, the expression of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA(ADARs) mRNA in BXPC-3 cells and pancreatic carcinoma specimen were detected by RT-PCR. Having been treated with phenylacetic acid, ADAR2 mRNA in BXPC-3 cells was significantly decreased, the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.01). Taken together, these results suggest that phenylacetic acid may likely regulate the proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells through the regulation of ADAR2 mRNA expression.

Inhibition of Salidroside on Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

LI Mei-hua, ZHOU Hong-lan*, WANG Wei and QIU Xin-ru

2010, 26(6): 969-973.

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To evaluate the role of salidroside on proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells(SACC), immunocytochemical staining was employed to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), caspase 3 and caspase 8 expression in SACC-2 cells. Modified Boyden chamber assay combined with laser confocal microscopy(LSCM) was used to evaluate the invasion and migration abilities of SACC-2 cells at different time point. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the expression of PCNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01) after salidroside treatment. In contrast, salidroside treatment led to increased caspase 3 and caspase 8 in SACC-2 cells. Cell migration depth and number of cells that penetrated Boyden chamber were also decreased by salidroside. Salidroside potently inhibits the proliferation and simultaneously induces the apoptosis of SACC-2 cells. Migration and invasion of SACC-2 cells are also inhibited. Our data throw light on potential clinical application of salidroside to the patients with SACC.

Aβ28-Induced Specific and Effective Serum Antibodies Against Aβ42

WANG Jia-peng, CUI Li-li, HUANG Xue-mei and ZHANG Ying-jiu*

2010, 26(6): 974-980.

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Though phase I clinical trial of immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease(AD) with inoculated Aβ42 in humans had been proven to be effective, phase II immunotherapy trial was discontinued in 2002 because a few patients developed significant inflammatory reactions caused by C-terminal domain of Aβ42. The aim of the study was to investigate the levels and the abilities of antibodies induced by C-terminal truncated Aβ species to inhibit Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxity in vitro. 46-week-old male BALB/c mice, Aβ42 and Aβ28/Aβ35/Aβ42 with a C-terminal eight-histidine tag(Aβ28H8, Aβ35H8, and Aβ42H8) were applied in the present study. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8), control mice immunized with the normal saline, Aβ42-immunized mice and Aβ42H-/Aβ35H-/Aβ28H-immunized mice. All the serum antibodies were evaluated by measuring their abilities to inhibit Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxity in vitro. Each mouse was vaccinated with purified Aβ peptide emulsified with Freund’s adjuvant(volume ratio 1:1). Titers, concentrations and isotypes of serum antibodies against Aβ42 were measured by indirect ELISA. Effects of serum antibodies on Aβ42 aggregation and disassembly of Aβ42 fibrils in vitro were observed by electron microscopy. Effects of serum antibodies on Aβ42 cytotoxicity were determined by MTT assay. Aβ42 or Aβ28 could induce higher anti-Aβ42 antibody titer(1:6400) than Aβ35(1:3200). Significantly, Aβ28 induced more IgG1 and IgG2b isotype antibodies and less IgG2b isotype antibody than other Aβ species though all the induced serum antibodies could inhibit Aβ42 aggregation or fibrillogenesis, could induce the disassembly of Aβ42 aggregates, and neutralized or inhibited the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 in vitro. C-Terminal truncated Aβ28 could induce the same effective but safer serum antibodies against Aβ42 than full length Aβ42 by eliciting more Th2-type immune responses.

Reductive Metabolism of Nitroaromatic Compounds by Various Liver Microsomes

WANG Xing-yong, CUI Jing-nan, REN Wei-min, ZHAO Guo-quan, LI Feng, ......

2010, 26(6): 981-985.

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Nitroaromatic compounds were reductively metabolized to the corresponding amine compounds via the intermediate hydroxylamines by liver microsomes from pig, rat, chook, cattle, sheep, paralichthys olivaceus and cyprinoid in varied reactivity. Similar with baker’s yeast, the pig, rat and sheep liver microsomes exhibited high reactivity toward 4-nitro-1,2-dicyanbenzen(1a), while the cyprinoid liver microsomes were inefficient. Contrasted to compound 1a, monocyannitrobenzene(2a) was difficult to reduce by pig liver microsomes. In opposition to grape cells, pig liver microsomes exhibited activities toward some aromatic hydroxylamine compounds.

Preliminary Research on a Mesenchymal Stem Cell-model for Screening Traditional Chinese Medicines

FAN Xue-mei, LI Xue, WANG Yi-ming, LIANG Qiong-lin and LUO Guo-an*

2010, 26(6): 986-990.

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The authors focused their attention on the establishment of a mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) model for screening traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) so as to investigate the effects of Shuanglong Formula(SLF) components(Ginsenosides and salvianolic acids) and ingredients(ginsenoside Rb1 and salvianolic acid B) on cardiomyocyte differentiation from MSCs. The SLF components were analyzed and quantified by HPLC-TOF-MS. Cardiomyocyte differentiation was induced by culturing MSCs in the induction medium supplemented with SLF ingredients，SLF components, 5-azacytidine(5-aza), 5-aza+SLF ingredients and 5-aza+SLF components, respectively, for up to 30 d, and evulated by the expression of Cardiac-specific myosin heavy chain(MHC) and troponin I(TnI) via immunofluoresent staining. Slow growth rate and changed morphology were observed during cardiomyocyte differentiation. After 20 d of induction, differentiating MSCs were positive for MHC and TnI staining. The effects of SLF components were better than those of SLF ingredients. Taken together, SLF can induce the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyogenic cells in vitro, and MSCs can be used as a powerful tool for screening TCMs.

Comparison Between Performances of PbO₂and F^--doped PbO₂ Anodes for Electrochemical Degradation of Aniline

WANG Xuan, HUANG Wei-min, LI Hui-ting, ZHANG Xue-na, LU Hai-yan and LIN Hai-bo*

2010, 26(6): 991-995.

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The paper deals with the influence of anode material on the efficiency of degradation for organic pollutants in water system. The electrochemical performance of fluorine ion doped lead dioxide(F–-PbO2) electrode for the degradation of aniline was compared with that of undoped lead dioxide(PbO2) electrode by ultraviolet- visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy, linear voltammetry and other analytical methods, such as the measurement by chemical oxygen demand analyzer, high performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron micrography. It was shown that both PbO2 electrode and F–-PbO2 electrode could make aniline be mineralized completely and have the same degradation course, but F–-PbO2 electrode has much higher electrocatalytic activity than undoped PbO2 electrode for the electrochemical degradation of aniline. The experimental results confirm that F–-PbO2 electrode has much higher potential for oxygen evolution than undoped PbO2 electrode.

Fragmentation Behavior and Ionization Potentials of Lead Clusters Pbn(n≤30)

LI Xiao-ping, ZHANG Wei, LV Wen-cai*, WANG Cai-zhuang and HO Kai-ming

2010, 26(6): 996-1001.

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The properties of Pbn(n=2―30) clusters including binding energies, second differences in energy, and HOMO-LUMO gaps, especially fragmentation energies and ionization potentials, have been studied by ab initio calculation. The main fragmentation products of Pbn+ are shown to be Pb+Pbn–1+ for n≤14 and two small cluster fragments for larger ones with n>14. The Pb13+ appears frequently as the products in the fragmentations of large clusters. Also, the calculated ionization potentials of the clusters are consistent with the experiment data.

Performance and Kinetics Studies on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over MnOx-WO3/TiO2 Catalyst

WU Bi-jun*, XIAO Ping and LIU Xiao-qin

2010, 26(6): 1002-1006.

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The catalytic activities of MnOx-WO3/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH3 were investigated in a wide range of temperature and reaction condition. It yielded a NOx conversion of 80.3%—99.6% and a N2 product selectivity of 100%—98.7% during 100 °C to 350 °C at gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)=18900 h–1. In the presence of 0.01% SO2 and 6% H2O at 120 °C, the NOx conversion can maintain 98.5%. At 300 °C and with 0.07% SO2 in reactant stream, the NOx conversion stabilized at 99% as high as the commercial V-W/TiO2 catalyst’s level. The steady-state kinetics study shows that O2 played a promoting role. In the presence of less than 1.5% O2, NOx conversion can increase sharply with the increase of O2 concentration. The reaction order was zero with respect to NH3 and first with respect to NO with excess O2 and H2O. The kinetics active energy(Ea) of Mn-W/TiO2 was calculated to be 6.24 kJ/mol according to the kinetic experiment at various temperatures, much lower than those of other catalysts reported in the literature. Mn-W/TiO2 is an excellent catalyst for SCR of NO with NH3 by now.

Theoretical Studies on Substituent Effect of the Reaction of Amide and Formaldehyde

LAI Wei-peng*, LIAN Peng, QIU Shao-jun, GE Zhong-xue, WANG Bo-zhou and XUE Yong-qiang

2010, 26(6): 1007-1010.

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The thermodynamic properties of the reaction of amide and formaldehyde were calculated via B3LYP method when substituents chosen included CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)2, CH(CH3)CH2CH3 and C(CH3)3. Based on the optimization of the structures for reactants and products, the thermodynamic functions of all the species for an actual state were obtained. The thermodynamic data and the equilibrium constants were investigated within a temperature range of 300―343.15 K. The calculated results show that the reaction is exothermic and spontaneous. The trends of all thermodynamic properties are consistent with the temperature. The preferential order of the substituent effect is CH2CH(CH3)2>CH(CH3)CH2CH3>CH2CH2CH2CH3> CH2CH2CH3>CH2CH3≈CH(CH3)2>C(CH3)3≈CH3.

Spectroscopic Studies on Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) Complexes with 4,4'-Bipyridine

SHI Xiu-min, WANG Hai-yan, LI Yan-bing, YANG Jing-xiu, CHEN Lei, HUI Ge, XU Wei-qing and ZHAO Bing*

2010, 26(6): 1011-1015.

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Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR), Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectra of 4,4'-bipyridine and its me- tal-organic coordination compounds synthesized from 4,4'-bipyridine and nitrate of Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) were measured and analyzed, respectively. The main FTIR and Raman bands were assigned in detail. The relationship between these characteristic bands and the structure of ligands and coordination compounds were discussed.

Prediction of the 13C NMR Chemical Shifts of Stilbene Analogues by GIAO Method

XIE Hui-ding, LI Yu-peng*, QIU Kai-xiong, LIU Bo and CHEN Ya-ping

2010, 26(6): 1016-1019.

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After the geometry optimization at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level, the calculations of the NMR chemical shifts of a series of stilbene analogues were carried out by means of Gauge Including Atomic Orbitals(GIAO) method at HF/6-31+G(d) level and B3LYP/6-311G+(2d,p) level, respectively. The 13C NMR chemical shifts calculated at both HF/6-31+G(d) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels are in agreement with the observed values. By virtue of a series of linear correction equations(δpred. =a+bδcalcd.) of the 13C chemical shifts, accurate prediction of 13C chemical shifts was achieved for the new stilbene compounds. For the 13C NMR chemical shifts calculated at HF/6-31+G(d) level, the linear correlation of δpred. with δexptl. is excellent, and the square of correlation coefficient, r2, is 0.9985. The maximum absolute difference between δpred. and δexptl., Δδ, is 2.3, and the root-mean-square error between δpred. and δexptl. is 0.98. In the meantime, for those obtained at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level, the linear correlation of δpred. with δexptl. is also excellent, and the square of correlation coefficient, r2, is up to 0.9987. The maximum absolute difference between δpred. and δexptl., Δδ, is 2.2, and the root-mean-square error between δpred. and δexptl. is only 0.88.

Separation and Determination of Trace Amounts of Thallium by Nano-TiO2 Combined with Microwave Irradiation

ZHANG Lei*, HUANG Ting, GUO Xing-jia and LIU Xue-yan

2010, 26(6): 1020-1024.

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Nano-TiO2 was employed for the separation and preconcentration of thallium. It was found that the adsorption ratio of thallium ions was more than 98% at pH 4.5 and the desorption ratio reached 99% under microwave irradiation for 3 min at 350 W. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.09 mg/g[(20±0.1) °C]. The nano-TiO2 was successfully applied to the determination of element thallium in the certified reference material polymetallic nodule and water samples.

Electrooxidation of Nitric Oxide at a Glass Carbon Electrode Modified with Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotube

LI Li and SHI Ke-ying*

2010, 26(6): 1025-1030.

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The electrocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide(NO) at a glass carbon electrode(GC) modified with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). It was found that the SWCNT modified electrode could speed greatly up the electron transfer rate compared with the bare GC electrode. After the SWCNT was treated with alkali or mixed acids, the reaction rate and activation energy of NO electrooxidation were changed to different extent. Chemical modification of the SWCNT surface is one of the most powerful methods to change the sensitivity of NO electrooxidation reaction. The modified electrode with SWCNT obtained by the firstly alkali treatment and then the mixed acids treatment was the best one for NO electrooxidation, the result of CV was also confirmed by that of EIS. The anodic processes of NO were recognized more clearly by exploring the reaction mechanism of NO electrooxidation at the SWCNT modified electrode.

Hybird Membrane with High Proton Conductivity and Selectivity Based on SPEEK for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

XU Dan, WANG Yang, ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Gang, SHAO Ke, LI Shi-wei and NA Hui*

2010, 26(6): 1031-1034.

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Composite membranes based on sulfonated silica/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPEEK) were prepared by means of sol-gel method so as to gain a high conductivity and reasonable methanol permeability. The sulfonated silica is generated in situ via the hydrolysis of sulfonated 3-anminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550) synthesized newly from 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and 1,4-butane sultone. The membrane with a silica mass fraction of 5% exhibits a conductivity of 0.187 S/cm at 80 °C and a methanol coefficient with 9.72×10–7 cm2/s. The composite membranes show improved condutive ability and better selectivity that can be promisingly used in direct methanol fuel cell.

Synthesis and Phase Behavior of Poly(1-alkyne) with Liquid Crystalline-induced Luminescence Enhancement

ZHOU Dan, CHEN Yi-wang*, CHEN Lie*, LI Fan, NIE Hua-rong and YAO Kai

2010, 26(6): 1035-1044.

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Poly(1-alkyne) with octoxy spacer —?[HC=C(CH2)8O—terphenyl—CN]?n—(PA8CN) and terphenyl liquid crystalline pendant was synthesized, and the effects of structure on the optical properties, especially the liquid crystallinity behavior of the polymer and monomer were investigated. The monomer was prepared in high yields(92.30%) by coupling and etherification reactions and successfully polymerized in the presence of Rh catalyst and Et3N cocatalyst in high yields with trans-rich(86.27%) stereoregular structure. Compared to the monomer showing mixed monolayer structure, its corresponding polymer PA8CN formed homogeneous monolayer arrangement. Upon photoexcitation, strong blue emission peak of PA8CN appeared at 413 nm[fluorescence quantum yield, ?F = 68% when excited at 330 nm in tetrahydrofuran(THF) solution]. Compared with its solid film photoexcitated at 330 nm at room temperature, the UV light-emitting band of PA8CN solid film from its liquid crystalline with liquid nitrogen quenched rapidly at 236 ?C was red-shift 10 nm with higher intensity, which may be ascribed to the fact that the effectual conjugation and the order degree of the molecule in the liquid crystalline state of the polymer were enhanced, the energy loss caused by the thermal vibration was decreased, thus resulting in the observed hyperchromic effect.

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