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24 October 2006, Volume 22 Issue 5

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Content of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities to Vol. 22 No.5(2006)

2006, 22(5):  0-0.  doi:

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Articles

A Solvothermal Route to Cu₂O Nanocubes and Cu Nanoparticles

TANG Xin-ling, REN Ling, SUN Ling-na, TIAN Wei-guo, CAO Min-hua, HU Chang-wen

2006, 22(5):  547-551. 

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Cu₂O nanocubes and Cu nanoparticles were prepared by reducing Cu(Ⅱ) salt with ethanol as the reducing agent and solvent in the presence of multidentate ligand poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) under different conditions. The morphologies and the crystalline structures of the products were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), selected-area electron diffraction(SAED), and powder X-ray diffraction(XRD). In particular, the influences of the solvothermal reaction temperature and alkalinity on the products were investigated. A lower temperature and a lower alkali concentration favor the formation of the Cu₂O phase, whereas a higher temperature and a higher alkali concentration generally lead to the formation of the Cu phase.

A Solvothermal Route to Cu₂O Nanocubes and Cu Nanoparticles


TANG Xin-ling , REN Ling , SUN Ling-na , TIAN Wei-guo , CAO Min-hua , HU Chang-wen

2006, 22(5):  547-551.  doi:

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Cu₂O nanocubes and Cu nanoparticles were prepared by reducing Cu(Ⅱ) salt with ethanol as the reducing agent and solvent in the presence of multidentate ligand poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) under different conditions. The morphologies and the crystalline structures of the products were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), selectedarea electron diffraction(SAED), and powder X-ray diffraction(XRD). In particular, the influences of the solvothermal reaction temperature and alkalinity on the products were investigated. A lower temperature and a lower alkali concentration favor the formation of the Cu₂O phase, whereas a higher temperature and a higher alkali concentration generally lead to the formation of the Cu phase.

Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Films with Different Thicknesses Grown on Sapphire by MOCVD

HOU Chang-min, HUANG Ke-ke, GAO Zhong-min, LI Xiang-shan, FENG Shou-hua, ZHANG Yuan-tao, DU Guo-tong

2006, 22(5):  552-555. 

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ZnO(002) films with different thicknesses, grown on Al₂O₃ (006) substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition( MOCVD), were etched by Ar ion beams. The samples were examined by D8 X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry. The structural properties vary with the increasing thickness of the films. When the film thickness is thin, the phi(Φ) scanning curves for ZnO(103) and sapphire(116) substrate show the existence of two kinds of orientation relationships between ZnO films and sapphire,which are ZnO(002)//Al₂O₃ (006), ZnO(100)//Al₂O₃ (110) and ZnO(002)//Al₂O₃ (006), ZnO(110)//Al₂O₃(110). When the thickness increases to 500 nm there is only one orientation relationship, which is ZnO(002)//Al₂O₃ (006), ZnO [ 100 ]//Al₂O₃[ 110 ]. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature show that the optical properties of ZnO films have been greatly improved when increasing the thickness of films is increased.

Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Films with Different Thicknesses Grown on Sapphire by MOCVD


HOU Chang-min , HUANG Ke-ke , GAO Zhong-min , LI Xiang-shan , FENG Shou-hua , ZHANG Yuan-tao , DU Guo-tong

2006, 22(5):  552-555.  doi:

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ZnO(002) films with different thicknesses, grown on Al₂O₃(006) substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD), were etched by Ar ion beams. The samples were examined by D8 X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and photoluminescence(PL) spectrometry. The structural properties vary with the increasing thickness of the films. When the film thickness is thin, the phi(
Ф) scanning curves for ZnO(103) and sapphire(116) substrate show the existence of two kinds of orientation relationships between ZnO films and sapphire, which are ZnO(002)//Al₂O₃(006), ZnO(100)//Al₂O₃(110) and ZnO(002)//Al₂O₃(006), ZnO(110)//Al₂O₃(110). When the thickness increases to 500 nm there is only one orientation relationship, which is ZnO(002)//Al₂O₃(006), ZnO[100]//Al₂O₃[110]. Their photoluminescence(PL) spectra at room temperature show that the optical properties of ZnO films have been greatly improved when increasing the thickness of films is increased.

Preparation, Electrochemical Property and Application in Bulk-modified Electrode of Dawson-type Phosphomolybdate-doped Polypyrrole Composite Nanoparticles

WANG Xiu-li, ZHAO Hai-yan, WANG Yi-fei

2006, 22(5):  556-559. 

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A kind of inorganic-organic hybrid semiconductor composite nanoparticles: Dawson-type phosphomolybdatedoped polypyrrole (P₂Mo₁₈-PPy) was designed and prepared using microemulsion oxidation-polymerization at room temperature and characterized by TEM and IR. The P₂Mo₁₈-PPy was used as a bulk-modifier to fabricate a chemically modified carbon paste electrode(CPE) by direct mixing, which represents the example of polyoxometalates (POMs)-doped semiconductor polymer nanoparticles modified electrode. Both the advantage of POMs-doped polymer and the surface-renewal property of the CPE were fully utilized. The electrochemical behavior of the P₂Mo₁₈-PPy bulk-modified CPE(P₂Mo₁₈-PPy-CPE) was investigated with cyclic voltammetry. Three couples of reversible redox peaks were observed in the range from + 800 to 0 mV, which corresponded to the reduction and oxidation through two-, four- and six-electron processes, respectively. The P₂Mo₁₈-PPY-CPE showed a high electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of nitrite, which expanded the application of POMs-doped semiconductor polymer nanoparticles.

Preparation, Electrochemical Property and Application in Bulk-modified Electrode of Dawson-type Phosphomolybdate-doped Polypyrrole Composite Nanoparticles


WANG Xiu-li, ZHAO Hai-yan , WANG Yi-fei

2006, 22(5):  556-559.  doi:

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A kind of inorganic-organic hybrid semiconductor composite nanoparticles: Dawson-type phosphomolybdate-doped polypyrrole(P₂Mo₁₈-PPy) was designed and prepared using microemulsion oxidation-polymerization at room temperature and characterized by TEM and IR. The P₂Mo_18-PPy was used as a bulk-modifier to fabricate a chemically modified carbon paste electrode(CPE) by direct mixing, which represents the example of polyoxometalates(POMs)-doped semiconductor polymer nanoparticles modified electrode. Both the advantage of POMs-doped polymer and the surface-renewal property of the CPE were fully utilized. The electrochemical behavior of the P₂Mo_18-PPy bulk-modified CPE(P₂Mo_18-PPy-CPE) was investigated with cyclic voltammetry. Three couples of reversible redox peaks were observed in the range from +800 to 0 mV, which corresponded to the reduction and oxidation through two-, four- and six-electron processes, respectively. The P₂Mo_18-PPy-CPE showed a high electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of nitrite, which expanded the application of POMs-doped semiconductor polymer nanoparticles.

Studies on Excitation and Rotational Temperatures of an Oxygen-shielded Argon Microwave Plasma Torch Source

WANG Shu-hua, LI Guo-zhen, ZHOU Jian-guang, JIN Qin-han

2006, 22(5):  560-565. 

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Excitation(T_exc) and rotation(T_rot) temperatures were determined under different conditions for an oxygen-shielded argon microwave plasmsa torch source(OS-Ar-MPT). The T_exc value, which was shown to be between 4300 and 5250 K under different operating conditions, was calculated from the slope of the Boltzmann plot with Fe as the thermometric species. The T_rot value, which was in the range of 2100-2500 K, was measured with OH molecular spectra. The influences of microwave power, flow rates of the support gas, carrier gas, and shielding gas, as well as the observation height on T_exc and T_rot were investigated and discussed. The detailed results of T_exc and T_rot provided a better understanding of the performance of an OS-ArMPT as a source for atomic emission spectrometry.

Studies on Excitation and Rotational Temperatures of an Oxygen-shielded Argon Microwave Plasma Torch Source


WANG Shu-hua , LI Guo-zhen , ZHOU Jian-guang , JIN Qin-han

2006, 22(5):  560-565.  doi:

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Excitation(T_exc) and rotation(T_rot) temperatures were determined under different conditions for an oxygen-shielded argon microwave plasmsa torch source(OS-Ar-MPT). The T_exc value, which was shown to be between 4300 and 5250 K under different operating conditions, was calculated from the slope of the Boltzmann plot with Fe as the thermometric species. The T_rot value, which was in the range of 2100—2500 K, was measured with OH molecular spectra. The influences of microwave power, flow rates of the support gas, carrier gas, and shielding gas, as well as the observation height on T_exc and T_rot were investigated and discussed. The detailed results of T_exc and T_rot provided a better understanding of the performance of an OS-ArMPT as a source for atomic emission spectrometry.

Removal of Fulvic Acids from Aqueous Solutions via Surfactant Modified Zeolite

WANG Shu-guang, GONG Wen-xin, LIU Xian-wei, GAO Bao-yu, YUE Qin-yan, ZHANG Dong-hua

2006, 22(5):  566-570. 

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A surfactant modified zeolite(SMZ), i. e. , a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) was used to remove fulvic acids(FA) from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parameters, such as the loading level of HDTMA, the contact time, the initial FA concentration, the pH, and the types of the metal cations and organics were examined. The results show that SMZ with an HDTMA loading-level of 120% of the external cation exchange capacity(ECEC) of zeolite exhibits the best performance. Although the removal of fulvic acids by SMZ occurs rapidly within the first 30 min of the contact time, a contact time of at least 4 h is required to attain the adsorption equilibrium. The removal capacity of FA by SMZ decreases with the increase of the initial FA concentration. The pH has an effect on the FA removal efficiency because it can influence the characteristics of the FA molecules. The removal of FA is considerably enhanced by Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ ions and is adversely affected by phenol or pentachlorophenol(PCP). Under the optimum conditions, 98% of FA could be removed by SMZ. Furthermore, the desorption of FA and the regeneration of SMZ were studied. The results show that a 30% ethanol solution is sufficient for the regeneration of SMZ.

Removal of Fulvic Acids from Aqueous Solutions via Surfactant Modified Zeolite

WANG Shu-guang, GONG Wen-xin, LIU Xian-wei, GAO Bao-yu, YUE Qin-yan , ZHANG Dong-hua

2006, 22(5):  566-570.  doi:

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A surfactant modified zeolite(SMZ), i.e., a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(HDTMA) was used to remove fulvic acids(FA) from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parameters, such as the loading level of HDTMA, the contact time, the initial FA concentration, the pH, and the types of the metal cations and organics were examined. The results show that SMZ with an HDTMA loadinglevel of 120% of the external cation exchange capacity(ECEC) of zeolite exhibits the best performance. Although the removal of fulvic acids by SMZ occurs rapidly within the first 30 min of the contact time, a contact time of at least 4 h is required to attain the adsorption equilibrium. The removal capacity of FA by SMZ decreases with the increase of the initial FA concentration. The pH has an effect on the FA removal efficiency because it can influence the characteristics of the FA molecules. The removal of FA is considerably enhanced by Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ ions and is adversely affected by phenol or pentachlorophenol(PCP). Under the optimum conditions, 98% of FA could be removed by SMZ. Furthermore, the desorption of FA and the regeneration of SMZ were studied. The results show that a 30% ethanol solution is sufficient for the regeneration of SMZ.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of N'-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl) acetohydrazide

LI Wei-hua, ZHANG Shu-fang, HOU Bao-rong, YU Zhi-gang

2006, 22(5):  571-573. 

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N'-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl) acetohydrazide. The structure was confirmed via elemental analysis, MS,¹H NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction. It crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group P2 (1), a =0.4905(1) nm, b=0.8160(2) nm, c=1.4105(3) nm,β=93.33(3)°,Z=2, V=0.5636(2) nm³, D_c =1.457 Mg/m³,μ=0.112 mm^-1 , F(000) =256, and final R₁ =0. 0685. Several intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions existed in the crystal structure, facilitating the stabilization of the compound.

Removal of Fulvic Acids from Aqueous Solutions via Surfactant Modified Zeolite

WANG Shu-guang, GONG Wen-xin, LIU Xian-wei, GAO Bao-yu, YUE Qin-yan , ZHANG Dong-hua

2006, 22(5):  566-570.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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A surfactant modified zeolite(SMZ), i.e., a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(HDTMA) was used to remove fulvic acids(FA) from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parameters, such as the loading level of HDTMA, the contact time, the initial FA concentration, the pH, and the types of the metal cations and organics were examined. The results show that SMZ with an HDTMA loadinglevel of 120% of the external cation exchange capacity(ECEC) of zeolite exhibits the best performance. Although the removal of fulvic acids by SMZ occurs rapidly within the first 30 min of the contact time, a contact time of at least 4 h is required to attain the adsorption equilibrium. The removal capacity of FA by SMZ decreases with the increase of the initial FA concentration. The pH has an effect on the FA removal efficiency because it can influence the characteristics of the FA molecules. The removal of FA is considerably enhanced by Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ ions and is adversely affected by phenol or pentachlorophenol(PCP). Under the optimum conditions, 98% of FA could be removed by SMZ. Furthermore, the desorption of FA and the regeneration of SMZ were studied. The results show that a 30% ethanol solution is sufficient for the regeneration of SMZ.

Syntheses and Biological Activities of Novel Benzotriazole Compounds Containing a Thioamide Group

XU Liang-zhong, ZHAI Zhi-wei, YU Guan-ping, QIN Yong-qi, YANG Ya-xun

2006, 22(5):  574-576. 

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(E)-2-(1H-Benzo [d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-3- (4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-N-phenylprop-2-enethioamide (compound 1) and (E)-2- ( 1H-benzo [d] [1,2,3] triazol-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-N,3-diphenylprop-2-enethioamide (compound 2) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by means of IR, MS, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The structure of compound 1 was determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the biological test show that the two compounds have a certain antifungal activity.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of N'-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)acetohydrazide

LI Wei-hua , ZHANG Shu-fang , HOU Bao-rong , YU Zhi-gang

2006, 22(5):  571-573.  doi:

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N'-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)acetohydrazide. The structure was confirmed via elemental analysis, MS, ¹H NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction. It crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group P2(1), a=0.4905(1) nm, b=0.8160(2) nm, c=1.4105(3) nm, β=93.33(3)°, Z=2, V=0.5636(2) nm³, D_c=1.457 Mg/m³, μ=0.112 mm^-1, F(000)=256, and final R₁=0.0685. Several intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions existed in the crystal structure, facilitating the stabilization of the compound.

Synthesis and in vitro-Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activities of Several Ethyl 5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylates

ZHAO Chun-shen, ZHAO Yan-fang, CHAI Hui-fang, GONG Ping

2006, 22(5):  577-583. 

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A series of ethyl 5-hydroxyindole-3-carboxylates 6a-10r was designed and synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, and MS and their anti-hepatitis B virus(HBV) activities were evaluated in 2.2.15 cells. Among them, compound 7g {ethyl 5-hydroxy-2-[(3-methoxyphenylsulfinyl) methyl] -1-methyl-4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylate} displays a significant anti-HBV activity, which is more potent than the positive control lamivudine.

Syntheses and Biological Activities of Novel Benzotriazole Compounds Containing a Thioamide Group


XU Liang-zhong, ZHAI Zhi-wei, YU Guan-ping, QIN Yong-qi , YANG Ya-xun

2006, 22(5):  574-576.  doi:

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(E)-2-(1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-N-phenylprop-2-enethioamide(compound 1) and (E)-2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-N,3-diphenylprop-2-enethioamide(compound 2) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by means of IR, MS, ¹H NMR, and elemental analysis. The structure of compound 1 was determined with singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the biological test show that the two compounds have a certain antifungal activity.

Synthesis, Resolution, and Enantiomeric Purity Assay of 2-n-Butylbutanedioic Acid 4-t-Butyl Esters

ZHANG Da-tong, TANG Li-da, DUAN Gui-yun, ZHAO Gui-long, XU Wei-ren, MENG Li-juan, WANG Jian-wu

2006, 22(5):  584-588. 

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Racemic 2-n-butylbutanedioic acid 4-t-butyl esters were synthesized from methyl hexanoate and t-butyl α-iodoacetate via alkylation and subsequently selective hydrolyzation. The (R)-and (S)-2-n-butylbutanedioic acid 4-t-butyl esters were obtained by the resolution of the above-mentioned racemic compounds with(S)-(-) or(R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine, respectively. The e.e. values of the two optical active products were determined to be above 99% by HPLC after the formation of two pairs of diastereoisomers with (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine and (S)-phenylalanine methyl ester.

Synthesis and in vitro-Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activities of Several Ethyl 5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylates

ZHAO Chun-shen, ZHAO Yan-fang, CHAI Hui-fang , GONG Ping

2006, 22(5):  577-583.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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A series of ethyl 5-hydroxyindole-3-carboxylates 6a—10r was designed and synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, and MS and their anti-hepatitis B virus(HBV) activities were evaluated in 2.2.15 cells. Among them, compound 7g{ethyl 5-hydroxy-2-［(3-methoxyphenylsulfinyl) methyl]-1-methyl-4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylate} displays a significant anti-HBV activity, which is more potent than the positive control lamivudine.

Synthesis of N-Succinyl-chitosan(Suc-Chi) and Preparation of Oxymatrine (OM)/N-Succinyl-chitosannanoparticles

YAN Cheng-yun, CHEN Da-wei, GU Ji-wei, LI Liu-fa

2006, 22(5):  589-592. 

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Oxymatrine (OM)/N-succinyl-chitosan ( Suc-Chi, with a degree of substitution being 0. 32 ) was synthesized via the ring-opening reaction of succinic anhydride with chitosan in dimethyl sulfoxide. OM-loaded Suc-Chi nanoparticles were prepared by an ionotropic gelation process and OM was quantified via the HPLC method. The influences of the initial OM concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics and OM release behavior were evaluated. The nanoparticles were found to have a mean diameter within a range of 267-392 nm, a positive surface charge, and a zeta potential in the range of 19-27 mY. The formulation with an initial OM concentration of 100 μg/mL provided the highest loaded capacity(0.77%) and the highest extent of the released OM (68% at 24 h), suggesting the possibility to achieve a therapeutic dose. According to the data obtained, this Suc-Chi-based nanotechnology will open up new and interesting prospects for the development of new anticancer drugs.

Synthesis, Resolution, and Enantiomeric Purity Assay of 2-n-Butylbutanedioic Acid 4-t-Butyl Esters

ZHANG Da-tong , TANG Li-da , DUAN Gui-yun , ZHAO Gui-long , XU Wei-ren , MENG Li-juan , WANG Jian-wu

2006, 22(5):  584-588.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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Racemic 2-n-butylbutanedioic acid 4-t-butyl esters were synthesized from methyl hexanoate and t-butyl α-iodoacetate via alkylation and subsequently selective hydrolyzation. The (R)- and (S)-2-n-butylbutanedioic acid 4-t-butyl esters were obtained by the resolution of the above-mentioned racemic compounds with (S)-(-) or (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine, respectively. The e.e. values of the two optical active products were determined to be above 99% by HPLC after the formation of two pairs of diastereoisomers with (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine and (S)-phenylalanine methyl ester.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors

GAO Fei-fei, LI Yao-xian, ZHANG Suo-qin, ZHANG Guang-liang

2006, 22(5):  593-597. 

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A novel kind of acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) inhibitors, arylsulfonylaminocarbonyl-2-thiohydantoins, was synthesized based on biorational design. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by IR, MS, NMR, and elemental analysis. The results of the preliminary activity tests indicate that most of the arylsulfonylamidecarbonyl-5-methyl-2-thiohydantoins have a higher biological activity than those without 5-methyl substituent.

Synthesis of N-Succinyl-chitosan(Suc-Chi) and Preparation of Oxymatrine(OM)/N-Succinyl-chitosannanoparticles


YAN Cheng-yun , CHEN Da-wei , GU Ji-wei , LI Liu-fa

2006, 22(5):  589-592.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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Oxymatrine(OM)/N-succinyl-chitosan(Suc-Chi, with a degree of substitution being 0.32) was synthesized via the ring-opening reaction of succinic anhydride with chitosan in dimethyl sulfoxide. OM-loaded Suc-Chi nanoparticles were prepared by an ionotropic gelation process and OM was quantified via the HPLC method. The influences of the initial OM concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics and OM release behavior were evaluated. The nanoparticles were found to have a mean diameter within a range of 267—392 nm, a positive surface charge, and a zeta potential in the range of 19—27 mV. The formulation with an initial OM oncentration of 100 μg/mL provided the highest loaded capacity(0.77%) and the highest extent of the released OM(68% at 24 h), suggesting the possibility to achieve a therapeutic dose. According to the data obtained, this Suc-Chi-based nanotechnology will open up new and interesting prospects for the development of new anticancer drugs.

Studies on Fragmentation Pathways of N-Ethoxy(phenyl) phosphoryl Amino Acids by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

CAO Shu-xia, LI Hong-wei, GUO Yan-chun, LIAO Xin-cheng, ZHAO Yu-fen

2006, 22(5):  598-601. 

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The positive and negative ESI-MS/MS spectra of N-ethoxy(phenyl) phosphoryl amino acids(EPP-AA) were investigated by electrospray ionization(ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry. The fragmentation pathways of [M + Na]⁺ and [M-H]^- ions areproposed and rationalized. The observation may have some potential applications in the interpretation of the MS/MS spectra of novel N-phosphoryl compounds. The complexity of MS/MS spectra of EPP-AA [M + Na]⁺ ions is decreased compared with that of N-dialkyloxyphosphoryl amino acid. Therefore, the new phosphonamidate method may be considered one of the superior methods that can be used in sequencing peptides and proteins extensively.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors

GAO Fei-fei, LI Yao-xian, ZHANG Suo-qin , ZHANG Guang-liang

2006, 22(5):  593-597.  doi:

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A novel kind of acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) inhibitors, arylsulfonylaminocarbonyl-2-thiohydantoins, was synthesized based on biorational design. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by IR, MS, NMR, and elemental analysis. The results of the preliminary activity tests indicate that most of the arylsulfonylamidecarbonyl-5-methyl-2-thiohydantoins have a higher biological activity than those without 5-methyl substituent.

Syntheses of DL-threo-Thiamphenicol via Green Oxidation

LIU Kai, Robert Franzén, YU Xiao-jing, ZHANG Jun, XU You-jun

2006, 22(5):  602-605. 

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Four methyl aryl thioethers related to thiamphenicol syntheses and methyl phenyl sulfide were cleanly oxidized into methyl sulfones in high to excellent yields via catalytic green oxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in combination with sodium tungstate. When the same reactions were similarly performed in the absence of the catalyst, the corresponding sulfoxides could be obtained. This viable synthetic approach for the synthesis of DL-threo-thiamphenicol is a simple procedure, which has an economic advantage in view of its application for the large-scale synthesis because it can be carried out under mild conditions.

Studies on Fragmentation Pathways of N-Ethoxy(phenyl) phosphoryl Amino Acids by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

CAO Shu-xia , LI Hong-wei , GUO Yan-chun , LIAO Xin-cheng , ZHAO Yu-fen

2006, 22(5):  598-601.  doi:

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The positive and negative ESI-MS/MS spectra of N-ethoxy(phenyl) phosphoryl amino acids(EPP-AA) were investigated by electrospray ionization(ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry. The fragmentation pathways of [M+Na]⁺ and [M-H]^- ions are proposed and rationalized. The observation may have some potential applications in the interpretation of the MS/MS spectra of novel N-phosphoryl compounds. The complexity of MS/MS spectra of EPP-AA [M+Na]⁺ ions is decreased compared with that of N-dialkyloxyphosphoryl amino acid. Therefore, the new phosphonamidate method may be considered one of the superior methods that can be used in sequencing peptides and proteins extensively.

Molecular Cloning and Bacterial Expression of Germacrene A Synthase cDNA from Crepidiastrum sonchifolium

REN Jie, LIU Yan-qiu, YANG Li, NI Rui, YOU Song

2006, 22(5):  606-611. 

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Germacrene A synthase(GAS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of germacrene A, which is a key precursor for sesquiterpene lactones. Cloning of a novel full-length cDNA encoding GAS from the medicinal plant Crepidiastrum sonchifolium(designated CsGAS) is reported in this study. The cDNA is 1837 bp long and contains a 1680-bp open reading frame encoding a 559 amino-acid protein. The functional expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli, as an N-terminal thioredoxin fusion protein, with the pET32a vector yielding a recombinant enzyme. Sequence analysis was used to compare this enzyme with the mechanistically related epi-aristolochene synthase from tobacco, and the effect of possible involvement of a number of amino acids in sesquiterpene synthase on product specificity was also discussed.

Syntheses of DL-threo-Thiamphenicol via Green Oxidation

LIU Kai , Robert Franzén , YU Xiao-jing , ZHANG Jun , XU You-jun

2006, 22(5):  602-605.  doi:

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Four methyl aryl thioethers related to thiamphenicol syntheses and methyl phenyl sulfide were cleanly oxidized into methyl sulfones in high to excellent yields via catalytic green oxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in combination with sodium tungstate. When the same reactions were similarly performed in the absence of the catalyst, the corresponding sulfoxides could be obtained. This viable synthetic approach for the synthesis of DL-threo-thiamphenicol is a simple procedure, which has an economic advantage in view of its application for the large-scale synthesis because it can be carried out under mild conditions.

Synthesis of Cell Adhesive Motif RGD Tripeptide by a Novel Chemical Method and Its Purification

WANG Hua, ZHAO Mi-feng, MA Cheng-yun, JING Wei, HUANG Yi-bing, HOU Rui-zhen, ZENG Hong-bin, XU Li, ZHANG Xue-zhong

2006, 22(5):  612-616. 

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The cell adhesive motif RGD tripeptide was synthesized by using a novel chemical method. First, Gly-Asp(GD)was synthesized in two steps including the chloroacetylation of free L-aspartic acid and the ammonolysis of the chloroacetylated L-aspartic acid. The yield of chloroacetylated L-aspartic acid was 83.0%. For the ammonolysis of chloroacetylated L-aspartic acid, the yield of the ammonolyzed product was 92.3%. Second, the coupling between Arg and Gly-Asp was carried out by using the NCA method. The maximum yield of RGD was about 50% at 0℃ and pH =9. 5. The prepared RGD tripeptide was confirmed by using amino acid component analysis and mass spectrographic analysis.

Molecular Cloning and Bacterial Expression of Germacrene A Synthase cDNA from Crepidiastrum sonchifolium

REN Jie, LIU Yan-qiu, YANG Li, NI Rui , YOU Song

2006, 22(5):  606-611.  doi:

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Germacrene A synthase(GAS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of germacrene A, which is a key precursor for sesquiterpene lactones. Cloning of a novel full-length cDNA encoding GAS from the medicinal plant Crepidiastrum sonchifolium(designated CsGAS) is reported in this study. The cDNA is 1837 bp long and contains a 1680 bp open reading frame encoding a 559 amino-acid protein. The functional expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli, as an N-terminal thioredoxin fusion protein, with the pET32a vector yielding a recombinant enzyme. Sequence analysis was used to compare this enzyme with the mechanistically related epi-aristolochene synthase from tobacco, and the effect of possible involvement of a number of amino acids in sesquiterpene synthase on product specificity was also discussed.

Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Magnesium Salicylate Powder in Air

DIAKITE Kahirou, HONG Jian-he, ZHAN Dan, ZHANG Ke-li

2006, 22(5):  617-620. 

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Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) was used to study the kinetics and the degradation of magnesium salicylate(C₁₄H₁₀MgO₆) in air. The results show that the decomposition proceeds through two steps. The kinetics of the first decomposition step was studied. The activation energies were calculated by using the Friedman and Flynn Wall Ozawa (FWO) methods, and the most probable kinetic model function was estimated using the multiple linear regression method. The values of the correlated kinetic parameters for the first decomposition step are E= 152.97 kJ/mol, lg(A/S^-1) = 10. 78, f(α) = (1 -α)ⁿ(1 + K_catα) , n =0.691, and K_cat =1.3048.

Molecular Cloning and Bacterial Expression of Germacrene A Synthase cDNA from Crepidiastrum sonchifolium

REN Jie, LIU Yan-qiu, YANG Li, NI Rui , YOU Song

2006, 22(5):  606-611.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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Germacrene A synthase(GAS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of germacrene A, which is a key precursor for sesquiterpene lactones. Cloning of a novel full-length cDNA encoding GAS from the medicinal plant Crepidiastrum sonchifolium(designated CsGAS) is reported in this study. The cDNA is 1837 bp long and contains a 1680 bp open reading frame encoding a 559 amino-acid protein. The functional expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli, as an N-terminal thioredoxin fusion protein, with the pET32a vector yielding a recombinant enzyme. Sequence analysis was used to compare this enzyme with the mechanistically related epi-aristolochene synthase from tobacco, and the effect of possible involvement of a number of amino acids in sesquiterpene synthase on product specificity was also discussed.

Reactions of Laser Ablation-magnesium Plasma with Methanol Clusters

ZHANG Shu-dong, KONG Xiang-he, ZHU Xiang-jun, WANG Yan, JIANG Su-rong

2006, 22(5):  621-625. 

Abstract ( )   PDF (348KB) ( )  

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The laser ablation-molecular beam(LA-MB) method is useful for studying the reactions of metal ions with molecular clusters. Reactions of magnesium plasma with methanol clusters were studied by using this method. A specially designed reaction cell was used as a fast flow reactor operated under thermal conditions, and the reaction products were measured with a time-of-flight(TOF) mass spectrometer. Surprisingly, several series of cluster ions with complex sizes and intensity distributions were obtained when the laser ablating was applied to different parts of the molecular beam. In the front part of the molecular beam, strong Mg⁺ (CH₃OH)_n (n = 0-5 ) and weak H⁺ (CH₃OH)_n (n = 0-5) cluster ions were observed with relatively small cluster sizes; in the middle part of the molecular beam,the main cluster ions were H⁺(CH₃OH)_n(n =6-17) and H⁺(H₂O)₂(CH₃OH)_n(n =6-17) with a relatively large cluster size and a weak intensity; in the back part of the molecular beam, two new series of cluster ions,MgO⁺ (H₂O) (CH₃OH)_n (n = 6-10) and MgOCH₃⁺ (CH₃OH)_n (n = 6-10), were obtained and accompanied by weak H⁺ (CH₃OH)_n(n = 4-7) and H⁺ (H₂O)₂ (CH₃OH)_n (n= 3-6). The formation mechanisms and speed characteristics of the cluster ions are discussed in this article.

Molecular Cloning and Bacterial Expression of Germacrene A Synthase cDNA from Crepidiastrum sonchifolium

REN Jie, LIU Yan-qiu, YANG Li, NI Rui , YOU Song

2006, 22(5):  606-611.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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Germacrene A synthase(GAS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of germacrene A, which is a key precursor for sesquiterpene lactones. Cloning of a novel full-length cDNA encoding GAS from the medicinal plant Crepidiastrum sonchifolium(designated CsGAS) is reported in this study. The cDNA is 1837 bp long and contains a 1680 bp open reading frame encoding a 559 amino-acid protein. The functional expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli, as an N-terminal thioredoxin fusion protein, with the pET32a vector yielding a recombinant enzyme. Sequence analysis was used to compare this enzyme with the mechanistically related epi-aristolochene synthase from tobacco, and the effect of possible involvement of a number of amino acids in sesquiterpene synthase on product specificity was also discussed.

Electrooxidation of Hydroxypivalaldehyde in an Undivided Cell

YU Jian-guo, CAO Xue-jing, ZHANG Heng-bin, ZHANG Yu-min, LI Ke-chang

2006, 22(5):  626-630. 

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The factors affecting the electrooxidation of hydroxypivalaldehyde(HPAL) in an undivided cell were studied by using cyclic voltammetry( CV), linear scan voltammetry(LSV), and potentiostatic electrolysis. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of a PbO₂ electrode in sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and phosphoric acid were studied. The selectivity and the current efficiency for producing hydroxypivalic acid were explored with different supporting electrolytes,concentrations of HPAL, and pH values. The results show that higher selectivity and current efficiency for producing hydroxypivalic acid can be achieved when sulfuric acid with a high concentration is used as the supporting electrolyte and the selectivity and the current efficiency can reach 80% and 60%, respectively.

Synthesis of Cell Adhesive Motif RGD Tripeptide by a Novel Chemical Method and Its Purification


WANG Hua , ZHAO Mi-feng , MA Cheng-yun , JING Wei , HUANG Yi-bing , HOU Rui-zhen , ZENG Hong-bin , XU Li , ZHANG Xue-zhong 

2006, 22(5):  612-616.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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The cell adhesive motif RGD tripeptide was synthesized by using a novel chemical method. First, Gly-Asp(GD) was synthesized in two steps including the chloroacetylation of free L-aspartic acid and the ammonolysis of the chloroacetylated L-aspartic acid. The yield of chloroacetylated L-aspartic acid was 83.0%. For the ammonolysis of chloroacetylated L-aspartic acid, the yield of the ammonolyzed product was 92.3%. Second, the coupling between Arg and Gly-Asp was carried out by using the NCA method. The maximum yield of RGD was about 50% at 0 ℃ and pH=9.5. The prepared RGD tripeptide was confirmed by using amino acid component analysis and mass spectrographic analysis.

Theoretical Design of High-spin Organic Molecules with-^.N-S-as a Spin-containing Fragment and Heterocycle as End Groups

WANG Li-min, CHU De-qing, ZHANG Jing-ping, WANG Rong-shun

2006, 22(5):  631-634. 

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Novel stable high-spin molecules possessing three different arranging fashions were designed with -^· N-S-as a spin-containing (SC) fragment, an aromatic group, such as benzene (1), pyridine (2), pyridazine (3), pyrimidine (4), pyrazine (5) or triazine (6) as end groups (EG), and phenyl as a ferromagnetic coupling (FC) unit.The effects of different EG on the spin multiplicities of the ground states and their stabilities were investigated by means of the AM1-CI approach. All the investigated molecules corresponded to the FC and possessed high-spin ground states. The spin on the two atoms of the SC fragment was not in agreement with the delocalization results in the specific stability of -^· N-S-. In those molecules, the stabilities of the triplet states decreased when the distance between the atoms of central SC fragments (-N-) increased. The stabilities of the triplet states of compounds 1a-n, 1b-n and 1c-n, with heterocycles as EG were higher than those of the triplet states of those compounds with phenyl as EG. Furthermore, the stabilities of the triplet states of the compounds with pyrimidine and triazine as EG were higher than those with pyridine, pyridazine or pyrazine as EG.

Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Magnesium Salicylate Powder in Air

DIAKITE Kahirou , HONG Jian-he , ZHAN Dan , ZHANG Ke-li

2006, 22(5):  617-620.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA) was used to study the kinetics and the degradation of magnesium salicylate(C₁₄H₁₀MgO₆) in air. The results show that the decomposition proceeds through two steps. The kinetics of the first decomposition step was studied. The activation energies were calculated by using the Friedman and Flynn Wall Ozawa(FWO) methods, and the most probable kinetic model function was estimated using the multiple linear regression method. The values of the correlated kinetic parameters for the first decomposition step are E=152.97 kJ/mol, lg(A/S^-1)=10.78, f(α)=(1-α)ⁿ(1+K_catα), n=0.691, and K_cat=1.3048.

Theoretical Studies on Reaction Mechanisms of HNCS with NH (X³∑)

LIU Peng-jun, ZHANG Lian-hua, SUN Hao, CHANG Ying-fei, WANG Rong-shun

2006, 22(5):  635-638. 

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The reaction mechanisms of HNCS with NH(X³∑) were theoretically investigated. The minimum energy paths (MEP) of the reaction were calculated by using the density functional theory(DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311 + + G^** level. The equilibrium structural parameters, the harmonic vibrational frequencies, the total energies, and the zeropoint energies(ZPE) of all the species were calculated. The single-point energies along the MEP were further refined at the QCISD(T)/6-311 + + G^** level. It was found that the mechanisms of the HNCS + NH(X³∑) reaction involve two channels producing the HNC + HNS and the N2H2 + CS products. Channel 1 plays a dominant role and the HNC + HNS are the main products. The reaction is exothermic.

Reactions of Laser Ablation-magnesium Plasma with Methanol Clusters

ZHANG Shu-dong, KONG Xiang-he, ZHU Xiang-jun, WANG Yan , JIANG Su-rong

2006, 22(5):  621-625.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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The laser ablation-molecular beam(LA-MB) method is useful for studying the reactions of metal ions with molecular clusters. Reactions of magnesium plasma with methanol clusters were studied by using this method. A specially designed reaction cell was used as a fast flow reactor operated under thermal conditions, and the reaction products were measured with a time-of-flight(TOF) mass spectrometer. Surprisingly, several series of cluster ions with complex sizes and intensity distributions were obtained when the laser ablating was applied to different parts of the molecular beam. In the front part of the molecular beam, strong Mg⁺(CH₃OH)_n(n=0—5) and weak H⁺(CH₃OH)_n(n=0—5) cluster ions were observed with relatively small cluster sizes; in the middle part of the molecular beam, the main cluster ions were H⁺(CH₃OH)_n(n=6—17) and H⁺(H₂O)₂(CH₃OH)_n(n=6—17) with a relatively large cluster size and a weak intensity; in the back part of the molecular beam, two new series of cluster ions, MgO⁺(H₂O)(CH₃OH)_n(n=6—10) and MgOCH⁺₃(CH₃OH)_n(n=6—10), were obtained and accompanied by weak H⁺CH₃OH)_n(n=4—7) and H⁺(H₂O)₂(CH₃OH)_n(n=3—6). The formation mechanisms and speed characteristics of the cluster ions are discussed in this article.

A New Tin Graphite Intercalation Compound for Lithium Ion Batteries

XIE Hai-ming, YAN Xue-dong, YU Hai-ying, ZHANG Ling-yun, YANG Gui-ling, XU Yang, WANG Rong-shun

2006, 22(5):  639-642. 

Abstract ( )   PDF (360KB) ( )  

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A new composite material was fabricated by intercalating tin nanoparticles into graphite. The tin graphite intercalation compound(Sn-GIC) was prepared by the interactions of tin tetrachloride with KC₈ (K-GIC) in tetrahydrofuran good cycling performance in comparison with Sn and SnO₂, it suggests that the association of tin with graphite not only improves the reversible capacities, but also prevents the volume changes resulted from lithium insertion and extraction with tin during a charge-discharge process.

Electrooxidation of Hydroxypivalaldehyde in an Undivided Cell

YU Jian-guo, CAO Xue-jing, ZHANG Heng-bin, ZHANG Yu-min , LI Ke-chang

2006, 22(5):  626-630.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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The factors affecting the electrooxidation of hydroxypivalaldehyde(HPAL) in an undivided cell were studied by using cyclic voltammetry(CV), linear scan voltammetry(LSV), and potentiostatic electrolysis. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of a PbO₂ electrode in sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and phosphoric acid were studied. The selectivity and the current efficiency for producing hydroxypivalic acid were explored with different supporting electrolytes, concentrations of HPAL, and pH values. The results show that higher selectivity and current efficiency for producing hydroxypivalic acid can be achieved when sulfuric acid with a high concentration is used as the supporting electrolyte and the selectivity and the current efficiency can reach 80% and 60%, respectively.

Preparation and Properties of Doped Lanthanum Gallate Film on a Ni/SDC Porous Anode Support

HE Qiang, HE Tian-min, PEI Li, JI Yuan

2006, 22(5):  643-646. 

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A 65.8-μm dense doped lanthanum gallate La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.85Mg_0.15O_2.825 (LSGM)film was prepared on a porous Ni/SDC(samarium doped ceria, Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9) anode support by colloid suspension deposition with incomplete crystallization LSGM powder as a starting material. The phase composition and micromorphology of the LSGM film were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical properties of the LSGM film and the performances of the LSGM film solid oxide fuel cell were also analyzed. The results show that both the dense LSGM film on the porous anode support, and the required phase composition of the LSGM film were obtained simultaneously by sintering at 1400℃ for 6 h. The adhesion between the LSGM film and the porous anode support is very strong. The electrical conductivities of the LSGM film on the porous anode support are 0. 113 and 0. 173 S/cm at 800and 850 ℃, respectively. The maximum output power density of the LSGM film cell is 177 mW/cm² at 700 ℃.

Theoretical Design of High-spin Organic Molecules with —^·N—S— as a Spin-containing Fragment and Heterocycle as End Groups

WANG Li-min , CHU De-qing , ZHANG Jing-ping , WANG Rong-shun

2006, 22(5):  631-634.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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Novel stable high-spin molecules possessing three different arranging fashions were designed with —^·N—S— as a spin-containing (SC) fragment, an aromatic group, such as benzene (1), pyridine (2), pyridazine (3), pyrimidine (4), pyrazine (5) or triazine (6) as end groups (EG), and phenyl as a ferromagnetic coupling(FC) unit. The effects of different EG on the spin multiplicities of the ground states and their stabilities were investigated by means of the AM1-CI approach. All the investigated molecules corresponded to the FC and possessed high-spin ground states. The spin on the two atoms of the SC fragment was not in agreement with the delocalization results in the specific stability of —^·N—S—. In those molecules, the stabilities of the triplet states decreased when the distance between the atoms of central SC fragments (—N—) increased. The stabilities of the triplet states of compounds 1a-n, 1b-n and 1c-n, with heterocycles as EG were higher than those of the triplet states of those compounds with phenyl as EG. Furthermore, the stabilities of the triplet states of the compounds with pyrimidine and triazine as EG were higher than those with pyridine, pyridazine or pyrazine as EG.

Synthesis and Characteristics of Hole-transporting Materials Based on Biphenyl Diamine Derivatives with Carbazole Groups

ZHANG Qian, CHEN Jiang-shan, CHENG Yan-xiang, WANG Li-xiang, MA Dong-ge, JING Xia-bin, WANG Fo-song

2006, 22(5):  647-650. 

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Two hole-transporting materials containing carbazole moieties with TPD- and NPB-like structures, 4,4'-bis [N-(4-carbazolylphenyl)-N-phenylamino] biphenyl (CPB) and 4,4'-bis [N-(4-carbazolylphenyl)-N-(1-naphthyl ) amino] biphenyl(CNB), were synthesized via a modified Ullmann reaction. The resulting compounds were thermally stable with high glass transition temperatures ranging from 145 to 147℃ and possessed a good electrochemical reversibility and hole-transporting properties. Typical double-layer device evaluation with the structure ITO/CPB (40 nm)/Alq₃ (60 nm)/LiF/Al demonstrated that they were promising hole-transporting materials with a current efficiency of 5. 25 cd/A and a power efficiency of 2. 00 lm/W.

Theoretical Studies on Reaction Mechanisms of HNCS with NH(X³Σ)

LIU Peng-jun , ZHANG Lian-hua , SUN Hao , CHANG Ying-fei , WANG Rong-shun

2006, 22(5):  635-638.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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The reaction mechanisms of HNCS with NH(X³Σ) were theoretically investigated. The minimum energy paths(MEP) of the reaction were calculated by using the density functional theory(DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311++G^** level. The equilibrium structural parameters, the harmonic vibrational frequencies, the total energies, and the zero-point energies(ZPE) of all the species were calculated. The singlepoint energies along the MEP were further refined at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G^** level. It was found that the mechanisms of the HNCS+NH(X³Σ) reaction involve two channels producing the HNC+HNS and the N₂H₂+CS products. Channel 1 plays a dominant role and the HNC+HNS are the main products. The reaction is exothermic.

Rheological Behavior of the Melts for Polyethylene-based Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

YANG Hong-mei, ZHENG Qiang, DU Miao

2006, 22(5):  651-657. 

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The viscoelastic properties of melts of nanocomposites with partially exfoliated structures, which were composed of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) , ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and montmorillonite and modified by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, were studied. The results obtained through measurements of the dynamic storage modulus G′, the dynamic loss modulus G″, and the transient stress relaxation modulus G(t) of the composites, reveal that the viscoelastic properties of the composites strongly depend on the amount of montmorillonite that is exfoliated into the composites. With the increase in montmorillonite content, the composites show an obvious property of pseudo solid-like materials within the region of lower frequencies (ω). The montmorillonite layers are aligned along the stress direction, and the dependence of dynamic modulus on ω, appears quite different for the composites before and after being exposed to a large amplitude oscillatory shears.

A New Tin Graphite Intercalation Compound for Lithium Ion Batteries

XIE Hai-ming , YAN Xue-dong , YU Hai-ying , ZHANG Ling-yun , YANG Gui-ling , XU Yang , WANG Rong-shun

2006, 22(5):  639-642.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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A new composite material was fabricated by intercalating tin nanoparticles into graphite. The tin graphite intercalation compound(Sn-GIC) was prepared by the interactions of tin tetrachloride with KC₈(K-GIC) in tetrahydrofuran(THF). As the anode of lithium ion batteries, Sn-GIC presents a steady reversible capacity(363 mA·h/g) and a good cycling performance in comparison with Sn and SnO₂, it suggests that the association of tin with graphite not only improves the reversible capacities, but also prevents the volume changes resulted from lithium insertion and extraction with tin during a charge-discharge process.

Design and Synthesis of Transparent Poly (acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene) and Relationship Between Its Phase Construction and Transparency

ZHANG Da-lei, LUAN Ming-yue, LIN Quan, CUI Zhan-chen, YANG Bai

2006, 22(5):  658-662. 

Abstract ( )   PDF (323KB) ( )  

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A series of transparent ABS(T-ABS) resins were prepared by emulsion in situ suspension polymerization. The influences of the particle size and the content of rubber particles on the transparency of T-ABS resins were studied by varying the size and content of rubber particles in a single model system( rubber particles with a uniform size). The optical properties of T-ABS resins were investigated in a mixed system of SBR/PB particles and a bi-modal particle system(rubber particles with two different sizes, 70 and 400 nm in diameter) of SBR particles. It was found that when the size of the smaller particles (70 nm) in the mixed system of SBR/PB particles was in the range of 50-100 nm in diameter, the T-ABS resins showed a better transparency. These results provide a flexible and practical process for the preparation of T-ABS resins with good optical and mechanical properties.

Preparation and Properties of Doped Lanthanum Gallate Film on a Ni/SDC Porous Anode Support


HE Qiang, HE Tian-min, PEI Li , JI Yuan

2006, 22(5):  643-646.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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A 65.8-μm dense doped lanthanum gallate La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.85Mg_0.15O_2.825(LSGM) film was prepared on a porous Ni/SDC(samarium doped ceria, Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9) anode support by colloid suspension deposition with incomplete crystallization LSGM powder as a starting material. The phase composition and micromorphology of the LSGM film were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical properties of the LSGM film and the performances of the LSGM film solid oxide fuel cell were also analyzed. The results show that both the dense LSGM film on the porous anode support, and the required phase composition of the LSGM film were obtained simultaneously by sintering at 1400 ℃ for 6 h. The adhesion between the LSGM film and the porous anode support is very strong. The electrical conductivities of the LSGM film on the porous anode support are 0.113 and 0.173 S/cm at 800 and 850 ℃, respectively. The maximum output power density of the LSGM film cell is 177 mW/cm² at 700 ℃.

Letters

Mechanisms and Kinetics of Reactions of the O (¹D,³p) + CF₃Cl System

ZHANG Jun, SUN Xiao-min, CAI Zheng-ting, FENG Da-cheng

2006, 22(5):  663-664. 

Abstract ( )   PDF (129KB) ( )  

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Articles

Synthesis and Characteristics of Holetransporting Materials Based on Biphenyl Diamine Derivatives with Carbazole Groups

ZHANG Qian , CHEN Jiang-shan , CHENG Yan-xiang , WANG Li-xiang , MA Dong-ge , JING Xia-bin , WANG Fo-song

2006, 22(5):  647-650.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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Two hole-transporting materials containing carbazole moieties with TPD- and NPB-like structures, 4,4'-bis[N-(4-carbazolylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl(CPB) and 4,4'-bis[N-(4-carbazolylphenyl)-N-(1-naphthyl)amino]biphenyl(CNB), were synthesized via a modified Ullmann reaction. The resulting compounds were thermally stable with high glass transition temperatures ranging from 145 to 147 ℃ and possessed a good electrochemical reversibility and hole-transporting properties. Typical double-layer device evaluation with the structure ITO/CPB(40 nm)/Alq₃(60 nm)/LiF/Al demonstrated that they were promising hole-transporting materials with a current efficiency of 5.25 cd/A and a power efficiency of 2.00 lm/W.

Research Notes

Design and Self-assembly of a Novel Tetranuclear Zinc(Ⅱ) Complex via Reaction of 1,3-Thiazolidine-2-thione (tzdtH) with Zn(NO₃)₂

WEI Xian-yin, HUANG Ru-dan, YU Li-qiong, ZHU Qin-lei, ZHANG Zhong-qiang, LIU Li-ping

2006, 22(5):  665-668. 

Abstract ( )   PDF (335KB) ( )  

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Articles

Rheological Behavior of the Melts for Polyethylene-based Montmorillonite Nanocomposites


YANG Hong-mei , ZHENG Qiang , DU Miao

2006, 22(5):  651-657.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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The viscoelastic properties of melts of nanocomposites with partially exfoliated structures, which were composed of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and montmorillonite and modified by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, were studied. The results obtained through measurements of the dynamic storage modulus G', the dynamic loss modulus G", and the transient stress relaxation modulus G(t) of the composites, reveal that the viscoelastic properties of the composites strongly depend on the amount of montmorillonite that is exfoliated into the composites. With the increase in montmorillonite content, the composites show an obvious property of pseudo solid-like materials within the region of lower frequencies (ω). The montmorillonite layers are aligned along the stress direction, and the dependence of dynamic modulus on ω, appears quite different for the composites before and after being exposed to a large amplitude oscillatory shears.

Research Notes

Carbamate Synthesis from Aromatic Amines and Dimethyl Carbonate Using Lead Acetate as Catalyst

KANG Wu-kui, WANG Gong-ying, YAO Jie

2006, 22(5):  669-670. 

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Articles

Design and Synthesis of Transparent Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and Relationship Between Its Phase Construction and Transparency

ZHANG Da-lei, LUAN Ming-yue, LIN Quan, CUI Zhan-chen , YANG Bai

2006, 22(5):  658-662.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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A series of transparent ABS(T-ABS) resins were prepared by emulsion in situ suspension polymerization. The influences of the particle size and the content of rubber particles on the transparency of T-ABS resins were studied by varying the size and content of rubber particles in a single model system(rubber particles with a uniform size). The optical properties of T-ABS resins were investigated in a mixed system of SBR/PB particles and a bi-modal particle system(rubber particles with two different sizes, 70 and 400 nm in diameter) of SBR particles. It was found that when the size of the smaller particles(70 nm) in the mixed system of SBR/PB particles was in the range of 50—100 nm in diameter, the T-ABS resins showed a better transparency. These results provide a flexible and practical process for the preparation of T-ABS resins with good optical and mechanical properties.

Letter

Mechanisms and Kinetics of Reactions of the O(¹D, ³P)+CF₃Cl System


ZHANG Jun, SUN Xiao-min, CAI Zheng-ting , FENG Da-cheng

2006, 22(5):  663-664.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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In this study, the global thermal rate constants, as combinations of the individual CVT/SCT rate constants, were calculated by using the CCUS model. All the ab initio calculations were carried out by using the Gaussian 98 program. All the kinetics calculations were carried out by using the POLYRATE 9.0 program.


Research Notes

Design and Self-assembly of a Novel Tetranuclear Zinc(Ⅱ) Complex via Reaction of 1,3-Thiazolidine-2-thione(tzdtH) with Zn(NO₃)₂

WEI Xian-yin , HUANG Ru-dan , YU Li-qiong , ZHU Qin-lei , ZHANG Zhong-qiang , LIU Li-ping

2006, 22(5):  665-668.  doi:

Abstract ( )  

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In this study, 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thionate was chosen as the multifunctional coordination ligand on the basis of the considerations that it has exocyclic sulfur(S_exo) and endocyclic nitrogen(N_endo) donors that are at the meta position and allow tzdtH to form and support an isolated metal-ligand cluster in the coordination architecture. As a result, a blossomshaped tetranuclear zinc cluster [Zn₄(μ₄-O)(tzdt)₆] was synthesized by the reaction of tzdtH with Zn(NO₃)₂ under a mild condition for the first time. It was characterized by means of IR spectrometry and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of [Zn₄(μ₄-O)(tzdt)₆] was determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD).

Carbamate Synthesis from Aromatic Amines and Dimethyl Carbonate Using Lead Acetate as Catalyst


KANG Wu-kui , WANG Gong-ying , YAO Jie

2006, 22(5):  669-670.  doi:

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In this work, we attempted the carbonylation of each of the aromatic amines with dimethyl carbonate to synthesize carbamates. We found that lead acetate is a very good catalyst for this carbonylation.