Chemical Research in Chinese Universities ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 1320-1330.doi: 10.1007/s40242-026-6143-8

• Research Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Serum Small Extracellular Vesicle Proteomic Analysis Based on Functionalized Nanobowl Enrichment for Screening Candidate Biomarkers of Breast Cancer

ZHAO Jialiang1, HU Caiwei1, FENG Jie2, ZHOU Bokai3, WU Guangyao1, JIN Mingshi3, BAI Yu1   

  1. 1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China;
    2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 1st Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China;
    3. Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
  • Received:2026-06-15 Revised:2026-07-10 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-07-28
  • Contact: BAI Yu,E-mail:yu.bai@pku.edu.cn E-mail:yu.bai@pku.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFF1205900) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22125401, 22527807).

Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic targets, highlighting the necessity for serum-based candidate biomarker discovery. In this study, we developed a serum small extracellular vesicle (sEV) proteomic workflow based on functionalized nanobowl enrichment and a simple on-beads lysis and in-tube digestion pretreatment for sEVs. And 107 clinical serum samples were analyzed, each requiring only 50 microliters of serum. A total of 3477 proteins were quantified, and 3152 proteins detected in >50% of samples were used for statistical analysis. After quality control, 102 samples were analyzed by differential analysis, co-expression network analysis, and functional enrichment analysis. The results showed distinguishable serum sEV protein profiles among TNBC, healthy controls, benign breast diseases, and other breast cancer groups. Six candidate proteins were identified, among which thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) showed a stable increase in TNBC. This study provides a practical basis for serum sEV-based biomarker discovery in TNBC.

Key words: Triple-negative breast cancer, Serum, Extracellular vesicle, Proteomics