Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance for Hydroxyl-rich Porous Carbon Nitride

doi:10.1007/s40242-020-0246-4

Abstract

Abstract: Metal-free photocatalyst C₃N₄ has been well investigated, while how to create hydroxyl-rich porous C₃N₄ remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a facile approach to address this issue by developing a novel two-step process:(i) precursor achieved via freeze-drying the mixture of urea, thiourea and NH₄Cl; (ii) subsequent thermal polydensation of the precursor. Systematic sample characterization demonstrated the formation of C₃N₄ featured by unique hydroxyl-rich porous structure with an extended tri-s-triazine unit. When applied as photocatalyst for water splitting under UV-Vis light irradiation, the sample displays a high hydrogen evolution rate of 243.4 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, about 4 times higher than that of C₃N₄ prepared by conventional method. Such a performance enhancement could be due to the porous structure and surface hydroxyl-rich functional groups that promote multiple-times reflection and light absorption, increase the active site numbers, and improve carrier transfer/separation efficiency.

Key words: Hydroxyl-rich, Porous structure, Carrier transfer/separation efficiency, Hydrogen evolution

WANG Yan, LI Liping, LI Guangshe. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance for Hydroxyl-rich Porous Carbon Nitride[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2020, 36(6): 1053-1058.

References

[1] Wang D., Ye P., Li K., Zeng H., Nie Y., Dong F., Xing Q., Zou J., Appl. Catal. B:Environ., 2020, 260, 118182
[2] Zhao W., Hao N., Zhang G., Ma A., Chen W., Zhou H., Yang D., Xu B., Kong J., Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2020, Doi:10.1007/s40242-020-0073-7
[3] Wang Q., Wang X., Yu Z., Jiang X., Chen J., Tao L., Wang M., Shen Y., Nano Energy, 2019, 60, 827
[4] Cheng J., Xu Y., Zhou D., Liu K., Geng N., Liu J., Yong X., Liu J., Poultry Science, 2019, 98(11), 5315
[5] Wei Y., Li Y., Jing C., Appl. Catal. B:Environ., 2019, 244, 475
[6] Wang W., Zhang H., Zhang S., Liu Y., Wang G., Sun C., Zhao H., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58, 16644
[7] Liu Y., Zhou F., Zhan S., Yang Y., Yin Y., Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2016, 32(2), 284
[8] Qi Y. H., Xu J. X., Wang C., Zhang T. R., Wang L., Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2020, Doi:10.1007/s40242-020-0067-5
[9] Ren W, Cheng J., Ou H., Huang C., Titirici M., Wang X., ChemSusChem, 2019, 12(14), 3257
[10] Yao S., Xue S., Peng S. Guo R., Wu Z., Shen X., Li T., Wang L., Appl. Phys. A, 2018, 124, 758
[11] Marcìa G., García-Lópeza E., Pomillaa F., Palmisanoa L., Zafforab A., Santamariab M., Krivtsovc I., Ilkaevae M., Barbierikováf Z., Brezová V., Catal. Today, 2019, 21
[12] Guo S., Deng Z., Li M., Jiang B., Tian C., Pan Q., Fu H., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2016, 55, 1830
[13] Yuan J., Yi X., Tang Y., Liu C., Luo S., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 19607
[14] Wang Y., Li L., Zhang Y., Zhang N., Fang S., Li G., Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2017, 42, 21006
[15] Zeng Y., Li H., Luo J., Yuan J., Wang L., Liu C., Xia Y., Liu M., Luo S., Cai T., Liu S., Crittenden J. C., Appl. Catal. B:Environ., 2019, 249, 275
[16] Zheng Y., Zhang Z., Li C., Proulx S., Materials Research Bulletin, 2016, 84, 46
[17] Yu S., Li J., Zhang Y., Nano Energy, 2018, 50, 383
[18] Sano T., Sato H., Hori T., Hirakawa T., Teramoto Y., Koike K., Mol. Catal., 2019, 474, 110451
[19] Dong G., Chen D., Luo J., Zhu Y., Zeng Y., Wang C., J. Hazard. Mater., 2017, 335, 66
[20] Lin L., Ou H., Zhang Y., Wang X., ACS Catal., 2016, 6, 3921
[21] Li F., Han M., Jin Y., Wang X., Appl. Catal. B:Environ., 2019, 256, 117705
[22] Wang H., Bian Y., Hua J., Dai L., Appl. Catal. B:Environ., 2018, 238, 592
[23] Bai J., Lv W., Ni Z., Wang Z., Chen G., Xu H., Qin H., Zheng Z., Li X., J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 768, 766
[24] Sundaram I. M., Kalimuthu S., Priya P. G., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2018, 204, 243
[25] Chen Z., Lu S., Wu Q., He F., Zhao N., He C., Shi C., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 3008
[26] Wu X., Chen F., Wang X., Yu H., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 427, 645
[27] Li Y., Xu H., Ouyang S., Wang X., Wang D., Ye J., J. Mater. Chem., 2016, 4(8), 2943
[28] Kong Y., Lv C., Zhang C., Chen G., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2020, 515, 146009
[29] Liu J., Fang W., Wei Z., Qin Z., Jiang Z., Shanggean W., Appl. Catal. B:Environ., 2018, 238, 465
[30] Wang X. L., Fang W. Q., Liu W., Jia Y., Jing D., Wang Y., Yang Y., Gong X., Yao Y., Yang H. G., Yao X., J. Mater. Chem., 2017, 5(36), 19227
[31] Wang Y., Li L., Zhang J., Huang X., Li G., Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2013, 29(3), 556
[32] Xu C., Li K., Zhang W., J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 2017, 495, 27
[33] Qian X., Meng X., Sun J., Jiang L., Wang Y., Zhang J., Hu X., Shalom M., Zhu J., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11(30), 27226