Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks in Element Extraction from Salt Lakes: A Review

doi:10.1007/s40242-026-6172-3

Abstract

Abstract: The increasing demand for strategic mineral resources, together with the need for low-carbon and environmentally responsible extraction technologies, has made the efficient utilization of salt-lake resources an urgent research priority. Salt-lake brines contain abundant Li, Na, K, Cs, B, U, and other valuable elements, but their high salinity and complex multi-ion matrices pose major challenges to selective separation. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of crystalline porous polymers with designable skeletons, tunable pore environments and modifiable functional sites, offer a promising platform for element extraction from salt lakes. This review summarizes recent advances in the design of COFs for salt-lake resource recovery, with particular emphasis on functional-site engineering, pore regulation, ion-recognition mechanisms and representative applications in the capture and separation of lithium, potassium, cesium, boron, and uranium. Current limitations, including scalable synthesis, long-term stability, and the transition from empirical design to mechanism-guided material development, are also discussed. This review is expected to provide useful guidance for the rational design of high-performance COF materials for sustainable salt-lake resource utilization.

Key words: Salt-lake, Covalent organic framework, Element extraction, Ion separation, Resource recovery

GUO Wei, LIU Huapeng, ZHANG Xiaotao, HU Wenping. Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks in Element Extraction from Salt Lakes: A Review[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2026, 42(4): 1211-1223.

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