CRCU

Chemical Research in Chinese Universities ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 1017-1021.

• Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Procaine Inhibiting Human Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation by Inducing Apoptosis and Demethylating APAF1 CpG Island Hypermethylated

SUN Ran1, CHANG Li-ping2, WANG Kai-chen3, SUN Hong-yan1, CONG Xian-ling1,4   

  1. 1. Tissue Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China;
    2. Department of Cardiopathy, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, P. R. China;
    3. Department of Urinary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China;
    4. Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
  • Received:2012-09-21 Revised:2012-10-12 Online:2012-11-25 Published:2012-11-09
  • Contact: CONG Xian-ling E-mail:congxl888@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:

    Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81001298, 81241093), the Project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20100481058), the High-tech Industrial Development Project of Jilin Province, China (No.20090633), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20100061120028) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Jilin Province, China(Nos.20080739, 200905169).

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Abstract:

Studies have shown that aberrant DNA methylation of apoptotic protease activating factor-1(APAF1) is an important epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation in the progression of bladder cancer. In this article, we have proved that procaine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases, could inhibit the proliferation of T24 and 5637 human bladder cancer cells by inducing their apoptosis. The mechanism studies reveal that procaine could induce demethylation of APAF1 gene in T24 or 5637 cells, subsequently activating caspase-3/9. It was also shown that the serum soluble fas ligand(sFasL) was activated, and the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9) was down-regulated. Procaine seems to induce cell death by different pathways, and it might be used as a potential agent for bladder cancer treatment.

Key words: Bladder cancer cell, Epigenetics, DNA methylation, Apoptotic protease activating factor-1(APAF1), Procaine