Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with SnO2/TiO2 Bilayer Electron Transport Architectures

doi:10.1007/s40242-025-5124-7

Chemical Research in Chinese Universities ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 334-342.doi: 10.1007/s40242-025-5124-7

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Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with SnO₂/TiO₂ Bilayer Electron Transport Architectures

CHENG Jiahao^1,2, YANG Yichen³, WANG Lei^1,2, SHEN Wenjian^2,4,5, HUANG Shangwei⁵, XU Jianlin¹, YAO Jun³, LIANG Guijie^2,4, LI Bin⁵, PENG Yong^2,6, LI Zaifang⁷, LIANG Ying^2,4, LI Wangnan^2,3,5

1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China;
2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, P. R. China;
3. Hubei Aerospace Chemical New Materials Co., Ltd., Xiangyang 441057, P. R. China;
4. Xiangyang Huazhi Technology Co., Ltd., Xiangyang 441138, P. R. China;
5. Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang 441000, P. R. China;
6. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China;
7. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Tandem Photovoltaic Technology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China

Received:2025-06-09 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-01-28
Contact: SHEN Wenjian,E-mail:shenwj@hbuas.edu.cn;XU Jianlin,E-mail:ggdjlxu@sina.com;LI Wangnan,E-mail:liwangnan@hbuas.edu.cn E-mail:shenwj@hbuas.edu.cn;ggdjlxu@sina.com;liwangnan@hbuas.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52422603), the Joint Foundation for Innovation and Development of Hubei Natural Science Foundation, China (Nos. 2025AFD026, 2025AFD074), the Longzhong Talent Plan, the Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, China (No. 2024KF-07), the Project of the Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Tandem Photovoltaic Technology, and the “Pioneer Leader+X” Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2025C01154).

Abstract

Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn widespread concern for their high efficiency and facile low-temperature solution fabrication, promising for the alternative low-cost photovoltaic energy. However, commercial deployment requires resolution of persistent stability issues and electrical hysteresis effects in PSCs. We demonstrate planar PSCs configuration using a stacked SnO₂/TiO₂ electron transport layer, which exhibits a cascade-aligned energy level, achieving an efficiency of 23.54% with a reduced hysteresis (index: 0.12) and remarkable stability (>90% efficiency retention beyond fifty days at 25% relative humidity without encapsulation). Photoluminescence and electrical characterizations suggest that the performance enhancement is ascribed to the synergetic optimization from suppressing the defective interface and promoting carrier transfer and blocking. More importantly, detailed transient absorption characterization reveals that the use of stacking n-type materials can decrease the hot-carrier cooling dynamics, improve the carrier transfer, and eliminate nonradiative recombination in PSCs. These results suggest that stacking n-type layers could enable superior overall performances compared to common electron transport layers (TiO₂ and SnO₂), providing facile routes for fabricating efficient PSCs with high stability.

Key words: Perovskite solar cell, SnO₂/TiO₂ bilayer, Cascadealigned energy level, Transient absorption

CHENG Jiahao, YANG Yichen, WANG Lei, SHEN Wenjian, HUANG Shangwei, XU Jianlin, YAO Jun, LIANG Guijie, LI Bin, PENG Yong, LI Zaifang, LIANG Ying, LI Wangnan. Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with SnO₂/TiO₂ Bilayer Electron Transport Architectures[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2026, 42(1): 334-342.

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Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with SnO₂/TiO₂ Bilayer Electron Transport Architectures

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