From Single-atom to Bi-atom and Ordered Multi-atom: Not Just a Number Changing for Electrocatalysis

doi:10.1007/s40242-025-4207-9

高等学校化学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 432-446.doi: 10.1007/s40242-025-4207-9

From Single-atom to Bi-atom and Ordered Multi-atom: Not Just a Number Changing for Electrocatalysis

LU Wenting, ZHAO Xiao

Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China

收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2024-11-28 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-27
通讯作者: ZHAO Xiao,E-mail:xzhao417@jlu.edu.cn E-mail:xzhao417@jlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22479059), the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province, China (No. YDZJ202401329ZYTS), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China.

From Single-atom to Bi-atom and Ordered Multi-atom: Not Just a Number Changing for Electrocatalysis

LU Wenting, ZHAO Xiao

Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China

Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2024-11-28 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: ZHAO Xiao,E-mail:xzhao417@jlu.edu.cn E-mail:xzhao417@jlu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22479059), the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province, China (No. YDZJ202401329ZYTS), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Atomically dispersed catalysts, i.e., single-atom catalysts (SACs), have attracted considerable interest because of their 100% atom utilization and unique geometric and electronic structures relative to nanoparticles. Atomic manipulation enables the construction of well-defined active sites on an atom-by-atom basis, which is particularly intriguing for electrocatalysis. Bi-atom catalysts (BACs) represent an important branch, where atomic pairs can markedly enhance the efficiency and selectivity of electrocatalysis. Emerging as a new subclass, ordered multiatom catalysts (OMACs) have received significant attention recently. Unlike randomly distributed single atoms, the OMACs possess ordered atomic arrangements, like atomic arrays and ordered single-atom alloys. Geometrically, this order could enhance intrinsic activity and reaction selectivity by making interatomic distance just right or customizing atomic arrangements for the lower activation energy pathway, and simultaneously improve the density of active sites to some extent. Electronically, this order may induce new electronic states and/or strong orbital hybridization between neighboring atoms, thereby enabling unexpected activity. The ensemble effect and/or synergistic effect would become feasible by rational regulation of atomic arrangements and components of OMACs. We herein reviewed the recent advance from single-atom to bi-atom and ordered multiatom mainly emphasizing OMACs, discussed their synthesis, characterizations, and electrocatalytic applications, and finally proposed some challenges and prospects for better developing single-atom catalysis.

关键词: Single-atom catalyst, Bi-atom catalyst, Ordered multiatom catalyst, Ensemble effect, Synergistic effect

Abstract: Atomically dispersed catalysts, i.e., single-atom catalysts (SACs), have attracted considerable interest because of their 100% atom utilization and unique geometric and electronic structures relative to nanoparticles. Atomic manipulation enables the construction of well-defined active sites on an atom-by-atom basis, which is particularly intriguing for electrocatalysis. Bi-atom catalysts (BACs) represent an important branch, where atomic pairs can markedly enhance the efficiency and selectivity of electrocatalysis. Emerging as a new subclass, ordered multiatom catalysts (OMACs) have received significant attention recently. Unlike randomly distributed single atoms, the OMACs possess ordered atomic arrangements, like atomic arrays and ordered single-atom alloys. Geometrically, this order could enhance intrinsic activity and reaction selectivity by making interatomic distance just right or customizing atomic arrangements for the lower activation energy pathway, and simultaneously improve the density of active sites to some extent. Electronically, this order may induce new electronic states and/or strong orbital hybridization between neighboring atoms, thereby enabling unexpected activity. The ensemble effect and/or synergistic effect would become feasible by rational regulation of atomic arrangements and components of OMACs. We herein reviewed the recent advance from single-atom to bi-atom and ordered multiatom mainly emphasizing OMACs, discussed their synthesis, characterizations, and electrocatalytic applications, and finally proposed some challenges and prospects for better developing single-atom catalysis.

Key words: Single-atom catalyst, Bi-atom catalyst, Ordered multiatom catalyst, Ensemble effect, Synergistic effect

LU Wenting, ZHAO Xiao. From Single-atom to Bi-atom and Ordered Multi-atom: Not Just a Number Changing for Electrocatalysis[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2025, 41(3): 432-446.

LU Wenting, ZHAO Xiao. From Single-atom to Bi-atom and Ordered Multi-atom: Not Just a Number Changing for Electrocatalysis[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2025, 41(3): 432-446.

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From Single-atom to Bi-atom and Ordered Multi-atom: Not Just a Number Changing for Electrocatalysis

From Single-atom to Bi-atom and Ordered Multi-atom: Not Just a Number Changing for Electrocatalysis

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