Frontiers in Catalytic Technologies for Carbon Neutrality: Advances and Prospects

doi:10.1007/s40242-025-5060-6

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The global urgency to achieve carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions ("dual carbon" strategy) has spurred remarkable progress in catalytic technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photothermal catalysis, aiming at addressing environmental and energy challenges. This review systematically examines the latest breakthroughs in catalyst design [e.g., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), black semiconductors, and p-block metal chalcogenides] and mechanism innovations (e.g., electron spin control, defect engineering, and heterojunction construction), which enhance solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency and product selectivity. Advanced characterization techniques, including operando spectroscopy and machine learning, are emphasized for unraveling dynamic catalytic processes and guiding material optimization. Applications range from CO₂ reduction to high-value fuels (e.g., CO, CH₄, C₂₊ products), green hydrogen production, and pollutant degradation, showcasing the transformative potential of these technologies in energy storage, environmental remediation, and sustainable synthesis. Challenges related to scalability, stability, and economic feasibility are critically analyzed, providing insights into future research directions for industrial implementation.

关键词: CO₂ reduction, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, Photothermal catalysis, Catalyst design

Abstract: The global urgency to achieve carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions ("dual carbon" strategy) has spurred remarkable progress in catalytic technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photothermal catalysis, aiming at addressing environmental and energy challenges. This review systematically examines the latest breakthroughs in catalyst design [e.g., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), black semiconductors, and p-block metal chalcogenides] and mechanism innovations (e.g., electron spin control, defect engineering, and heterojunction construction), which enhance solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency and product selectivity. Advanced characterization techniques, including operando spectroscopy and machine learning, are emphasized for unraveling dynamic catalytic processes and guiding material optimization. Applications range from CO₂ reduction to high-value fuels (e.g., CO, CH₄, C₂₊ products), green hydrogen production, and pollutant degradation, showcasing the transformative potential of these technologies in energy storage, environmental remediation, and sustainable synthesis. Challenges related to scalability, stability, and economic feasibility are critically analyzed, providing insights into future research directions for industrial implementation.

Key words: CO₂ reduction, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, Photothermal catalysis, Catalyst design

LI Dan. Frontiers in Catalytic Technologies for Carbon Neutrality: Advances and Prospects[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2025, 41(3): 472-483.

LI Dan. Frontiers in Catalytic Technologies for Carbon Neutrality: Advances and Prospects[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2025, 41(3): 472-483.

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