Detection of Small Molecular Metabolites by Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Applications

doi:10.1007/s40242-025-4258-y

高等学校化学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 181-195.doi: 10.1007/s40242-025-4258-y

Detection of Small Molecular Metabolites by Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Applications

YE Jiali¹, YIN Yiyan¹, OUYANG Jin², NA Na¹

1. Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China;
2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, P. R. China

收稿日期:2024-12-30 接受日期:2025-02-22 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-03-31
通讯作者: NA Na,nana@bnu.edu.cn E-mail:nana@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2024YFA1509600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22474010, 22274012) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No.2233300007).

Detection of Small Molecular Metabolites by Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Applications

YE Jiali¹, YIN Yiyan¹, OUYANG Jin², NA Na¹

1. Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China;
2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, P. R. China

Received:2024-12-30 Accepted:2025-02-22 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-03-31
Contact: NA Na,nana@bnu.edu.cn E-mail:nana@bnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2024YFA1509600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22474010, 22274012) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No.2233300007).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Detection of small molecular metabolites in the body can reflect the overall health status of the human body, being essential for understanding metabolism and diagnosing diseases. For the detection and monitoring of small molecular metabolites in complicated biological systems, the sensitive detections of trace metabolites and their pathways have been pursued by different strategies. Mass spectrometry provides high sensitivity and specificity for metabolic studies, while commercial techniques normally require sample pretreatments to limit the multiple examining requirements. Fortunately, ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) can meet rapid clinical examinations due to its rapid and direct detection of biological molecules without or with fewer sample pretreatments. By virtue of AMS, the real-time and online monitoring of small molecular metabolites can be achieved for examining metabolism mechanisms and facilitating targeted interventions. This review summarizes the application of AMS in the monitoring of small molecular metabolites, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and aldehydes, as well as examinations of reaction mechanisms in clinical applications. This would provide insights on constructing powerful diagnostic tools for clinical applications.

关键词: Ambient mass spectrometry, Small molecular metabolite, Metabolism, Disease

Abstract: Detection of small molecular metabolites in the body can reflect the overall health status of the human body, being essential for understanding metabolism and diagnosing diseases. For the detection and monitoring of small molecular metabolites in complicated biological systems, the sensitive detections of trace metabolites and their pathways have been pursued by different strategies. Mass spectrometry provides high sensitivity and specificity for metabolic studies, while commercial techniques normally require sample pretreatments to limit the multiple examining requirements. Fortunately, ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) can meet rapid clinical examinations due to its rapid and direct detection of biological molecules without or with fewer sample pretreatments. By virtue of AMS, the real-time and online monitoring of small molecular metabolites can be achieved for examining metabolism mechanisms and facilitating targeted interventions. This review summarizes the application of AMS in the monitoring of small molecular metabolites, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and aldehydes, as well as examinations of reaction mechanisms in clinical applications. This would provide insights on constructing powerful diagnostic tools for clinical applications.

Key words: Ambient mass spectrometry, Small molecular metabolite, Metabolism, Disease

YE Jiali, YIN Yiyan, OUYANG Jin, NA Na. Detection of Small Molecular Metabolites by Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Applications[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2025, 41(2): 181-195.

YE Jiali, YIN Yiyan, OUYANG Jin, NA Na. Detection of Small Molecular Metabolites by Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Applications[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2025, 41(2): 181-195.

参考文献

[1] Nicholson J. K., Lindon J. C., Nature, 2008, 455, 1054.
[2] Wishart D. S., Feunang Y. D., Marcu A., Guo A. C., Liang K., Vázquez-Fresno R., Sajed T., Johnson D., Li C., Karu N., Sayeeda Z., Lo E., Assempour N., Berjanskii M., Singhal S., Arndt D., Liang Y., Badran H., Grant J., Serra-Cayuela A., Liu Y., Mandal R., Neveu V., Pon A., Knox C., Wilson M., Manach C., Scalbert A., Nucleic Acids Res., 2018, 46, D608.
[3] Phan L. M., Yeung S.-C. J., Lee M.-H., Cancer Biol. Med., 2014, 11, 1.
[4] Vander Heiden M. G., Cantley L. C., Thompson C. B., Science, 2009, 324, 1029.
[5] Zheng E., Khariwala S. S., The Laryngoscope, 2019, 129, 537.
[6] Zhang Y., Zhou B., Li Q., Jin M., Bai Y., Chem. Res. Chin. Universities, 2024, 40, 237.
[7] Gowda G. A. N., Djukovic D.; Ed.: Raftery D., Mass Spectrometry in Metabolomics: Methods and Protocols, Springer, New York, 2014, 3.
[8] Cooks R. G., Ouyang Z., Takats Z., Wiseman J. M., Science, 2006, 311, 1566.
[9] Clendinen C. S., Monge M. E., Fernández F. M., Analyst, 2017, 142, 3101.
[10] Kuo T.-H., Dutkiewicz E. P., Pei J., Hsu C.-C., Anal. Chem., 2020, 92, 2353.
[11] Wan E. C. H., Yu J. Z., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2007, 41, 2459.
[12] Ruf A., Kanawati B., Schmitt-Kopplin P., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2022, 36, e9283.
[13] Chen H., Cotte-Rodríguez I., Cooks R. G., Chem. Commun., 2006, 597.
[14] Zhang Y., Chen H., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2010, 289, 98.
[15] Bi L., Habib A., Chen L., Xu T., Wen L., Talanta, 2021, 222, 121673.
[16] Wang Y., Sun M., Qiao J., Ouyang J., Na N., Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 594.
[17] Ahmadi M., Nasri Z., von Woedtke T., Wende K., ACS Omega, 2022, 7, 31983.
[18] Crabtree H. G., Biochem. J., 1929, 23, 536.
[19] Dakubo G. D., Mitochondrial Genetics and Cancer, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010, 39.
[20] Banerjee S., Zare R. N., Tibshirani R. J., Kunder C. A., Nolley R., Fan R., Brooks J. D., Sonn G. A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2017, 114, 3334.
[21] Zeković M., Bumbaširević U., Živković M., Pejčić T., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023, 24, 1391.
[22] Li L., Wang L., Feng Z., Hu Z., Wang G., Yuan X., Wang H., Hu D., Quant. Imaging Med. Surg., 2013, 3, 10012.
[23] Yoshii Y., Furukawa T., Waki A., Okuyama H., Inoue M., Itoh M., Zhang M.-R., Wakizaka H., Sogawa C., Kiyono Y., Yoshii H., Fujibayashi Y., Saga T., Biomaterials, 2015, 51, 278.
[24] Xie P., Zhang J., Wu P., Wu Y., Hong Y., Wang J., Cai Z., Chin. Chem. Lett., 2023, 34, 107349.
[25] Liu X., Flinders C., Mumenthaler S. M., Hummon A. B., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2018, 29, 516.
[26] Flint L. E., Hamm G., Ready J. D., Ling S., Duckett C. J., Cross N. A., Cole L. M., Smith D. P., Goodwin R. J. A., Clench M. R., Anal. Chem., 2020, 92, 12538.
[27] Luo Z., He J., Chen Y., He J., Gong T., Tang F., Wang X., Zhang R., Huang L., Zhang L., Lv H., Ma S., Fu Z., Chen X., Yu S., Abliz Z., Anal. Chem., 2013, 85, 2977.
[28] Lv Y., Li T., Guo C., Sun C., Tang F., Huang L., Luo Z., Li X., Zhang R., Zang Q., He J., Abliz Z., Chin. Chem. Lett., 2019, 30, 461.
[29] Huang J., Gao S., Wang K., Zhang J., Pang X., Shi J., He J., Chin. Chem. Lett., 2023, 34, 107865.
[30] Huo M., Wang Z., Fu W., Tian L., Li W., Zhou Z., Chen Y., Wei J., Abliz Z., J. Proteome Res., 2021, 20, 3567.
[31] Butler L. M., Perone Y., Dehairs J., Lupien L. E., de Laat V., Talebi A., Loda M., Kinlaw W. B., Swinnen J. V., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2020, 159, 245.
[32] Storck E. M., Özbalci C., Eggert U. S., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 2018, 87, 839.
[33] Yu W., Lei Q., Yang L., Qin G., Liu S., Wang D., Ping Y., Zhang Y., J. Hematol. Oncol., 2021, 14, 187.
[34] Li L., Han J., Wang Z., Liu J., Wei J., Xiong S., Zhao Z., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2014, 15, 10492.
[35] Takáts Z., Wiseman J. M., Gologan B., Cooks R. G., Science, 2004, 306, 471.
[36] Ma X., Xia Y., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 2592.
[37] Adam W., Peters K., Peters E. M., Stegmann V. R., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 2958.
[38] Zhao Y., Zhao H., Zhao X., Jia J., Ma Q., Zhang S., Zhang X., Chiba H., Hui S.-P., Ma X., Anal. Chem., 2017, 89, 10270.
[39] Cao W., Ma X., Li Z., Zhou X., Ouyang Z., Anal. Chem., 2018, 90, 10286.
[40] Feng Y., Chen B., Yu Q., Li L., Anal. Chem., 2019, 91, 1791.
[41] Zhang J., Xu D., Deng Z., Tan X., Guo D., Qiao Y., Li Y., Hou X., Wang S., Zhang J., Talanta, 2024, 267, 125267.
[42] Müller P., Fruit C., Chem. Rev., 2003, 103, 2905.
[43] Yang T., Tang S., Kuo S.-T., Freitas D., Edwards M., Wang H., Sun Y., Yan X., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2022, 61, e202207098.
[44] Hirtzel E., Edwards M., Freitas D., Liu Z., Wang F., Yan X., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2023, 34, 1998.
[45] Wan Q., Xiao Y., Feng G., Dong X., Nie W., Gao M., Meng Q., Chen S., Chin. Chem. Lett., 2024, 35, 108775.
[46] Ito J., Nakagawa K., Kato S., Hirokawa T., Kuwahara S., Nagai T., Miyazawa T., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2016, 408, 7785.
[47] Unsihuay D., Su P., Hu H., Qiu J., Kuang S., Li Y., Sun X., Dey S. K., Laskin J., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2021, 60, 7559.
[48] Claes B. S. R., Bowman A. P., Poad B. L. J., Young R. S. E., Heeren R. M. A., Blanksby S. J., Ellis S. R., Anal. Chem., 2021, 93, 9826.
[49] Santoro A. L., Drummond R. D., Silva I. T., Ferreira S. S., Juliano L., Vendramini P. H., Lemos M. B. D. C., Eberlin M. N., Andrade V. P., Cancer Res., 2020, 80, 1246.
[50] Swiner D. J., Kulyk D. S., Osae H., Durisek III G. R., Badu-Tawiah A. K., Anal. Chem., 2022, 94, 2358.
[51] Qi K., Wu L., Liu C., Pan Y., Metabolites, 2021, 11, 780.
[52] Mao X., He J., Li T., Lu Z., Sun J., Meng Y., Abliz Z., Chen J., Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 21043.
[53] Qi K., Lv Y., Ren Y., Wang X., Wu L., Wang J., Zhang X., He Y., Zhang C., Liu C., Pan Y., Talanta, 2021, 231, 122380.
[54] Bergman H.-M., Lindfors L., Palm F., Kihlberg J., Lanekoff I., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2019, 411, 2809.
[55] Margulis K., Zhou Z., Fang Q., Sievers R. E., Lee R. J., Zare R. N., Anal. Chem., 2018, 90, 12198.
[56] Yin Y., Ge X., Ouyang J., Na N., Nat. Commun., 2024, 15, 2954.
[57] Cao M., Xing X., Shen X., Ouyang J., Na N., Chem. Res. Chin. Universities, 2024, 40, 202.
[58] Sivanand S., Heiden M. G. V., Cancer Cell, 2020, 37, 147.
[59] Lieu E. L., Nguyen T., Rhyne S., Kim J., Exp. Mol. Med., 2020, 52, 15.
[60] Lu H., Ye J., Wei Y., Zhang H., Chingin K., Frankevich V., Chen H., Chin. Chem. Lett., 2025, 36, 110077.
[61] Bouza M., Foest D., Brandt S., García-Reyes J. F., Franzke J., Anal. Chem., 2024, 96, 5289.
[62] Maciel L. Í. L., Rodrigues Feitosa Ramalho R., Izidoro Ribeiro R., Cunha Xavier Pinto M., Pereira I., Vaz B. G., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2021, 32, 2513.
[63] Xu N., Zhu Z.-Q., Yang S.-P., Wang J., Gu H.-W., Zhou Z., Chen H.-W., Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 41, 523.
[64] Lu H., Li Y., Zhang H., Chingin K., Wei Y., Huang K., Feng S., Talanta, 2021, 233, 122544.
[65] Song X., Yang X., Narayanan R., Shankar V., Ethiraj S., Wang X., Duan N., Ni Y.-H., Hu Q., Zare R. N., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2020, 117, 16167.
[66] Song X., Chen H., Zare R. N., Anal. Chem., 2018, 90, 12878.
[67] Zhu J., Thompson C. B., Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2019, 20, 436.
[68] Altman B. J., Stine Z. E., Dang C. V., Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2016, 16, 619.
[69] Chen X., Yu D., Metabolomics Off. J. Metabolomic Soc., 2019, 15, 22.
[70] Pavlova N. N., Thompson C. B., Cell Metab., 2016, 23, 27.
[71] Kang W., Zhang Y., Zhou Y., Feng X., Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 2022, 52, 1624.
[72] Werner A., J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Sci. App., 1993, 618, 3.
[73] Li A., Wang H., Ouyang Z., Cooks R. G., Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 2811.
[74] Beer B., Chasin M., Clody D. E., Vogel J. R., Horovitz Z. P., Science, 1972, 176, 428.
[75] Li X., Liao X., Liu Y.-M., Talanta, 2020, 217, 121106.
[76] Hardie D. G., Genes Dev., 2011, 25, 1895.
[77] Miyamoto S., Hsu C.-C., Hamm G., Darshi M., Diamond-Stanic M., Declèves A.-E., Slater L., Pennathur S., Stauber J., Dorrestein P. C., Sharma K., EBioMedicine, 2016, 7, 121.
[78] Marín-Aguilar F., Pavillard L. E., Giampieri F., Bullón P., Cordero M. D., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2017, 18, 288.
[79] Du F., Zhu X.-H., Zhang Y., Friedman M., Zhang N., Uğurbil K., Chen W., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2008, 105, 6409.
[80] Yacoubi M. E., Ledent C., Ménard J.-F., Parmentier M., Costentin J., Vaugeois J.-M., Br. J. Pharmacol., 2000, 129, 1465.
[81] Stockwell J., Jakova E., Cayabyab F. S., Molecules, 2017, 22, 676.
[82] Yin X., Yang J., Zhang M., Wang X., Xu W., Price C.-A. H., Huang L., Liu W., Su H., Wang W., Chen H., Hou G., Walker M., Zhou Y., Shen Z., Liu J., Qian K., Di W., ACS Nano, 2022, 16, 2852.
[83] McCreery M. Q., Balmain A., Annu. Rev. Cancer Biol., 2017, 1, 295.
[84] Uchida K., Kanematsu M., Sakai K., Matsuda T., Hattori N., Mizuno Y., Suzuki D., Miyata T., Noguchi N., Niki E., Osawa T., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1998, 95, 4882.
[85] Cao L., Liu X., Lin E.-J. D., Wang C., Choi E. Y., Riban V., Lin B., During M. J., Cell, 2010, 142, 52.
[86] Li Z., Li Y., Zhan L., Meng L., Huang X., Wang T., Li Y., Nie Z., Anal. Chem., 2021, 93, 9158.
[87] Peña J., Fernández Laespada M. E., García Pinto C., Pérez Pavón J. L., Moreno Cordero B., J. Chromatogr. B, 2019, 1133, 121824.
[88] Wang S., Hu S., Xu H., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2015, 900, 67.
[89] Weiner J., Maertzdorf J., Sutherland J. S., Duffy F. J., Thompson E., Suliman S., McEwen G., Thiel B., Parida S. K., Zyla J., Hanekom W. A., Mohney R. P., Boom W. H., Mayanja-Kizza H., Howe R., Dockrell H. M., Ottenhoff T. H. M., Scriba T. J., Zak D. E., Walzl G., Kaufmann S. H. E., Nat. Commun., 2018, 9, 5208.
[90] Antonowicz S., Bodai Z., Wiggins T., Markar S. R., Boshier P. R., Goh Y. M., Adam M. E., Lu H., Kudo H., Rosini F., Goldin R., Moralli D., Green C. M., Peters C. J., Habib N., Gabra H., Fitzgerald R. C., Takats Z., Hanna G. B., Nat. Commun., 2021, 12, 1454.
[91] Wang W., Yang Y., Chen Z., Wang X., Zhang G.-L., He T., Tong L., Tang B., Anal. Chem., 2024, 96, 787.
[92] Liu J., Zang Q., Li X., Tu X., Zhu Y., Wang L., Zhao Z., Song Y., Zhang R., Abliz Z., Chin. Chem. Lett., 2023, 34, 108322.
[93] Peng G., Tisch U., Adams O., Hakim M., Shehada N., Broza Y. Y., Billan S., Abdah-Bortnyak R., Kuten A., Haick H., Nat. Nanotechnol., 2009, 4, 669.
[94] Christiansen A., Davidsen J. R., Titlestad I., Vestbo J., Baumbach J., J. Breath Res., 2016, 10, 034002.
[95] Hakim M., Broza Y. Y., Barash O., Peled N., Phillips M., Amann A., Haick H., Chem. Rev., 2012, 112, 5949.
[96] Fuchs P., Loeseken C., Schubert J. K., Miekisch W., Int. J. Cancer, 2010, 126, 2663.
[97] Bag S., Hendricks P. I., Reynolds J. C., Cooks R. G., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2015, 860, 37.
[98] Li Z., Li Y., Zhan L., Meng L., Huang X., Wang T., Li Y., Nie Z., Anal. Chem., 2021, 93, 9158.
[99] Yu Q., Gao J., Yu X., Shi J., Lin L., Wang X., Analyst, 2022, 147, 4903.

Detection of Small Molecular Metabolites by Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Applications

Detection of Small Molecular Metabolites by Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Applications

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	DONG Jiaxin, SU Rui, WU Xiaokang, DONG Deming, WANG Yining, HUANG Chenni, QIU Tao, GU Yu, HUA Xiuyi, LIANG Dapeng. Probing PFOA-induced Metabolic Disorders in Tilapia Through Fish Skin Mucus[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2025, 41(2): 358-366.
[2]	QIN Changjuan, YANG Guanqing, WEI Qi, XIN Hua, DING Jianxun, CHEN Xuesi. Multi-Dimensional Role of Amino Acid Metabolism in Immune Regulation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2025, 41(1): 1-14.
[3]	SONG Xingrui, LING Xiaoting, LIU Hailong, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xiangjun, LAI Weiyi, WANG Hailin. New Frontiers on Intracellular cGAS Activation: Molecular Mechanisms, Cellular Signaling, and Therapeutic Strategies[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2024, 40(4): 632-645.
[4]	CUI Xulian, MA Baofu, PAN Hui, XIA Yu, LIU Li, ZHAO Baofeng, LIANG Zhen, ZHANG Lihua, ZHANG Yukui. A Pt/CeO₂ Hybrid Nanozyme with Stable Peroxidase Activity for the Detection of Acetylcholine[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2024, 40(2): 268-271.
[5]	Zhenyang Yu, Lei Wang, Gaotian Li, Jing Zhang. Reproductive Influences of Erythromycin and Sulfamethoxazole on Caenorhabditis elegans over Generations Mediated by Lipid Metabolism[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2023, 39(3): 434-440.
[6]	CHAI Jingshan, LI Qiushi, ZHAO Yu, LIU Yang. Nanocomposites Facilitate the Removal of Aβ Fibrils for Neuroprotection[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2022, 38(2): 522-528.
[7]	YANG Jia, ZHENG Rui, AN Hongwei, WANG Hao. In vivo Self-assembled Peptide Nanoprobes for Disease Diagnosis[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2021, 37(4): 855-869.
[8]	LIU Fei, LI Ren, YE Jing, REN Yujie, TANG Zhipeng, LI Rongchen, ZHANG Cuihua, LI Qunlin. Study of Aldo-keto Reductase 1C3 Inhibitor with Novel Framework for Treating Leukaemia Based on Virtual Screening and In vitro Biological Activity Testing[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2021, 37(3): 778-786.
[9]	ZHOU Tong, XU Guangyu, SUN Luyao, YU Zhenxiang, WANG Guixia. Improving Energy Metabolism of Deproteinized Extract of Calf Blood Through Regulation of Hmgcs2, Cpt1a, Angptl4, Cyp8b1, and Ehhadh Genes in Mice[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2019, 35(3): 427-433.
[10]	LIU Zhi, XU Feifan, ZHAO Zhijie, HE Yuhua, ZHANG Hongxing, ZOU Guangtian, LI Yangxue. Porous Organic Polymer Nanoparticles for Sensing of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2018, 34(6): 1035-1040.
[11]	WANG Xiye, WANG Yu, WEI Chengxi, YU Lijun. Metabonomics and Molecular Biology-based Effects of Sugemule-3 in an Isoproterenol-induced Cardiovascular Disease Rat Model[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2018, 34(4): 590-597.
[12]	WANG Hui-jing, ZHANG Dan, WANG Fu-sheng, WU Yi, SONG Hao. Synthesis and Anticholinesterase Activity of (-)-Physostigmine Analogues with Modifications at C3a and C5[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2013, 29(5): 888-893.
[13]	LU Wei-da, QIU Jie, ZHAO Gai-xia, QIE Liang-yi, WEI Xin-bing, GAO Hai-qing. Quantitative Mitochondrial Proteomics Study on Protective Mechanism of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Heart Injury in Rat[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2012, 28(6): 1035-1040.
[14]	HUANG Hai-yan, MENG Xiang-wei, LI Xiao, SUN Li-li, KAN Shi-fu, LIU Lei, PIAO Bin. Induction of Effective Antitumor Immune Response by Combined Administration of hIL-18 and NDV HN[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2011, 27(5): 836-840.
[15]	PIAO Bing-guo, LI Xiao, SUN Li-li, KAN Shi-fu, LIU Lei, HUANG Hai-yan, .... Activity of T Cells Stimulated by Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle Disease Virus in vivo[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2011, 27(3): 455-460.