Sequential Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Metal and Organic Components in PM2.5

doi:10.1007/s40242-025-5037-5

高等学校化学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 629-636.doi: 10.1007/s40242-025-5037-5

Sequential Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Metal and Organic Components in PM2.5

WANG Haotian¹, ZHONG Luyao¹, CHANG Lingyu¹, SONG Lili¹, LI Hui¹, XU Jiaquan¹, SU Rui²

1. Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R.

收稿日期:2025-03-05 修回日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-27
通讯作者: SU Rui,E-mail:rsu@jlu.edu.cn E-mail:rsu@jlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22264001, 22422402).

Sequential Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Metal and Organic Components in PM2.5

WANG Haotian¹, ZHONG Luyao¹, CHANG Lingyu¹, SONG Lili¹, LI Hui¹, XU Jiaquan¹, SU Rui²

1. Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R.

Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-04-09 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: SU Rui,E-mail:rsu@jlu.edu.cn E-mail:rsu@jlu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22264001, 22422402).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Analyzing organic, metallic, and anionic components in PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in size) is critical for understanding its formation, evaluating health risks, and tracing pollution sources. Conventional methods require a combination of multiple offline extraction and detection techniques, leading to high sample consumption, long analysis time, and high costs. To address these challenges, we developed an electrochemistry mass spectrometry (EC-MS) technique that sequentially analyzes organic, metallic, and anionic components in PM2.5. Water and methanol were used to extract water-soluble and fat-soluble components, while EDTA-2Na extracted insoluble metals. Electrochemistry was employed to dissociate oxidizable and reducible species. The extracted components were then ionized and detected online: electrospray for polar organics and anions, Ag⁺ complexation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and EDTA complexation for metal ions. The ionized components were detected by mass spectrometry in alternating positive and negative ion modes. This method offers a comprehensive analysis of PM2.5 components with minimal sample consumption and simplified pretreatment. It covers three forms of metals (water-soluble, insoluble, and oxidizable/reducible), multiple anions (NO₃^-, Cl^-, CH₃COO^-, HCOO^-, NO₂^-, BO₂^-), water-soluble dicarboxylic acids, and methanol-soluble organics (fatty acids, aromatic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). This approach provides an efficient and integrated solution for multi-component detection in PM2.5 analysis.

关键词: PM2.5, Heavy metal speciation analysis, Electrochemistry-mass spectrometry, Sequential ionization

Abstract: Analyzing organic, metallic, and anionic components in PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in size) is critical for understanding its formation, evaluating health risks, and tracing pollution sources. Conventional methods require a combination of multiple offline extraction and detection techniques, leading to high sample consumption, long analysis time, and high costs. To address these challenges, we developed an electrochemistry mass spectrometry (EC-MS) technique that sequentially analyzes organic, metallic, and anionic components in PM2.5. Water and methanol were used to extract water-soluble and fat-soluble components, while EDTA-2Na extracted insoluble metals. Electrochemistry was employed to dissociate oxidizable and reducible species. The extracted components were then ionized and detected online: electrospray for polar organics and anions, Ag⁺ complexation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and EDTA complexation for metal ions. The ionized components were detected by mass spectrometry in alternating positive and negative ion modes. This method offers a comprehensive analysis of PM2.5 components with minimal sample consumption and simplified pretreatment. It covers three forms of metals (water-soluble, insoluble, and oxidizable/reducible), multiple anions (NO₃^-, Cl^-, CH₃COO^-, HCOO^-, NO₂^-, BO₂^-), water-soluble dicarboxylic acids, and methanol-soluble organics (fatty acids, aromatic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). This approach provides an efficient and integrated solution for multi-component detection in PM2.5 analysis.

Key words: PM2.5, Heavy metal speciation analysis, Electrochemistry-mass spectrometry, Sequential ionization

WANG Haotian, ZHONG Luyao, CHANG Lingyu, SONG Lili, LI Hui, XU Jiaquan, SU Rui. Sequential Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Metal and Organic Components in PM2.5[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2025, 41(3): 629-636.

WANG Haotian, ZHONG Luyao, CHANG Lingyu, SONG Lili, LI Hui, XU Jiaquan, SU Rui. Sequential Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Metal and Organic Components in PM2.5[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2025, 41(3): 629-636.

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Sequential Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Metal and Organic Components in PM2.5

Sequential Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Metal and Organic Components in PM2.5

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