Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer

doi:10.1007/s40242-023-3109-y

高等学校化学研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 864-869.doi: 10.1007/s40242-023-3109-y

Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer

WANG Qiwei¹, JIANG Lu¹, LAM Pik-Ling², CHUI Chung-Hin³, and WONG Wai-Yeung²

1. Antibiotics Research and Reevaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, P.R. China;
2. Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P.R. China;
3. Research and Development Division, One Health International Limited, Hong Kong, P.R. China

收稿日期:2023-04-24 出版日期:2023-12-01 发布日期:2023-11-18
通讯作者: WANG Qiwei, WONG Wai-Yeung E-mail:wqw@cioc.ac.cn;wai-yeung.wong@polyu.edu.hk
基金资助:
WONG Wai-Yeung thanks the ITC Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme (TCFS) (No.GHP/038/19GD) and Chengdu University for the financial support. CHUI Chung-Hin from One Health International Limited acknowledges the support of Research Talent Hub Ref.: RtH/016/20, Innovation and Technology Commission, Hong Kong, China.

Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer

WANG Qiwei¹, JIANG Lu¹, LAM Pik-Ling², CHUI Chung-Hin³, and WONG Wai-Yeung²

1. Antibiotics Research and Reevaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, P.R. China;
2. Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P.R. China;
3. Research and Development Division, One Health International Limited, Hong Kong, P.R. China

Received:2023-04-24 Online:2023-12-01 Published:2023-11-18
Contact: WANG Qiwei, WONG Wai-Yeung E-mail:wqw@cioc.ac.cn;wai-yeung.wong@polyu.edu.hk
Supported by:
WONG Wai-Yeung thanks the ITC Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme (TCFS) (No.GHP/038/19GD) and Chengdu University for the financial support. CHUI Chung-Hin from One Health International Limited acknowledges the support of Research Talent Hub Ref.: RtH/016/20, Innovation and Technology Commission, Hong Kong, China.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Good toilet hygiene can reduce the risk of pathogenic transmission. During flushing, pathogenic bacteria can be spread by the water droplets, especially in the toilet seat. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the frequently occurring Gram-negative bacterial pathogens found in the toilet seats. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-E. coli activity of some azobenzene compounds. Among them, compound 2, with the heterocyclic nitrogen in both phenyl rings, showed the strongest antibacterial effect on E. coli, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 80 μg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration of 320 μg/mL. Compound 2 displayed a comparative zone of clearance [(14.50±2.29) mm] to that of ampicillin [(13.17±1.76) mm]. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay suggested that compound 2 might induce the loss of bacteria via the oxidative stress by eliciting the generation of intracellular ROS. We further examined the potential cytotoxicity of compound 2 to the human skin HaCaT cells. Compound 2-treated skin cells showed a good maintenance of cellular morphology and a clear definition of cell nuclei, with a satisfactory cell viability (ca. 90%) at 80 μg/mL. Overall, compound 2 would be a possible antibacterial coating agent for the surface sanitizer of the toilet seats to inhibit the growth of E. coli.

关键词: Antibacterial, Azobenzene, Escherichia coli, Skin cytotoxicity, Toilet seat

Abstract: Good toilet hygiene can reduce the risk of pathogenic transmission. During flushing, pathogenic bacteria can be spread by the water droplets, especially in the toilet seat. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the frequently occurring Gram-negative bacterial pathogens found in the toilet seats. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-E. coli activity of some azobenzene compounds. Among them, compound 2, with the heterocyclic nitrogen in both phenyl rings, showed the strongest antibacterial effect on E. coli, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 80 μg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration of 320 μg/mL. Compound 2 displayed a comparative zone of clearance [(14.50±2.29) mm] to that of ampicillin [(13.17±1.76) mm]. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay suggested that compound 2 might induce the loss of bacteria via the oxidative stress by eliciting the generation of intracellular ROS. We further examined the potential cytotoxicity of compound 2 to the human skin HaCaT cells. Compound 2-treated skin cells showed a good maintenance of cellular morphology and a clear definition of cell nuclei, with a satisfactory cell viability (ca. 90%) at 80 μg/mL. Overall, compound 2 would be a possible antibacterial coating agent for the surface sanitizer of the toilet seats to inhibit the growth of E. coli.

Key words: Antibacterial, Azobenzene, Escherichia coli, Skin cytotoxicity, Toilet seat

WANG Qiwei, JIANG Lu, LAM Pik-Ling, CHUI Chung-Hin, and WONG Wai-Yeung. Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2023, 39(6): 864-869.

WANG Qiwei, JIANG Lu, LAM Pik-Ling, CHUI Chung-Hin, and WONG Wai-Yeung. Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2023, 39(6): 864-869.

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Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer

Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer

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