Transition Metal Sulfide Cocatalysts: Applications and Challenges in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

doi:10.1007/s40242-025-5103-z

高等学校化学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 687-703.doi: 10.1007/s40242-025-5103-z

Transition Metal Sulfide Cocatalysts: Applications and Challenges in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

ZHOU Yu¹, WANG Weikang^1,2, LI Jinhe¹, REN Wei¹, WANG Lele¹, LIU Qinqin¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China;
2. School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China

收稿日期:2025-05-21 接受日期:2025-06-28 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-24
通讯作者: LIU Qinqin,qqliu@ujs.edu.cn;WANG Weikang,wangwk@ujs.edu.cn E-mail:qqliu@ujs.edu.cn;wangwk@ujs.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22472069, 22102064, 22302080) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2024M760028).

Transition Metal Sulfide Cocatalysts: Applications and Challenges in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

ZHOU Yu¹, WANG Weikang^1,2, LI Jinhe¹, REN Wei¹, WANG Lele¹, LIU Qinqin¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China;
2. School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China

Received:2025-05-21 Accepted:2025-06-28 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-24
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22472069, 22102064, 22302080) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2024M760028).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Hydrogen (H₂), as a pivotal zero-carbon energy carrier, plays a critical role in the global energy transition, with its efficient production being paramount. Photocatalytic water splitting, driven by solar energy to produce H₂, is regarded as an ideal pathway for green hydrogen generation. However, its efficiency is still restricted by factors including narrow light-absorption spectra, elevated carrier recombination rates, and slow surface reaction kinetics. Among various strategies for enhancing photocatalytic activity, the development of cocatalyst loading has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable efficiency, stability, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to finely tune its performance. In the pursuit of optimizing catalysts for the green H₂ production, researchers have delved into the design of cocatalysts by focusing on four pivotal aspects:band alignment and interfacial engineering, crystal phase modulation, precise regulation of active sites, and photothermal synergy effects. Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have emerged as promising alternatives to noble metal cocatalysts, possessing unique electronic structures, tunable active sites, and interfacial synergistic effects. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in TMS-based cocatalysts, including MoS₂, NiS, WS₂, and CuS, for photocatalytic H₂ evolution. Furthermore, addressing practical challenges in TMS applications, we propose future research directions focusing on improving long-term material stability, developing environmentally friendly material designs, enabling low-cost, scalable synthesis, promoting interfacial charge transfer and advancing integrated device engineering. These efforts aim to provide theoretical foundations and technological breakthroughs for constructing efficient, economical, and sustainable solar-tohydrogen conversion systems.

关键词: Cocatalyst, Photocatalysis, Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Metal sulfide, Water-splitting

Abstract: Hydrogen (H₂), as a pivotal zero-carbon energy carrier, plays a critical role in the global energy transition, with its efficient production being paramount. Photocatalytic water splitting, driven by solar energy to produce H₂, is regarded as an ideal pathway for green hydrogen generation. However, its efficiency is still restricted by factors including narrow light-absorption spectra, elevated carrier recombination rates, and slow surface reaction kinetics. Among various strategies for enhancing photocatalytic activity, the development of cocatalyst loading has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable efficiency, stability, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to finely tune its performance. In the pursuit of optimizing catalysts for the green H₂ production, researchers have delved into the design of cocatalysts by focusing on four pivotal aspects:band alignment and interfacial engineering, crystal phase modulation, precise regulation of active sites, and photothermal synergy effects. Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have emerged as promising alternatives to noble metal cocatalysts, possessing unique electronic structures, tunable active sites, and interfacial synergistic effects. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in TMS-based cocatalysts, including MoS₂, NiS, WS₂, and CuS, for photocatalytic H₂ evolution. Furthermore, addressing practical challenges in TMS applications, we propose future research directions focusing on improving long-term material stability, developing environmentally friendly material designs, enabling low-cost, scalable synthesis, promoting interfacial charge transfer and advancing integrated device engineering. These efforts aim to provide theoretical foundations and technological breakthroughs for constructing efficient, economical, and sustainable solar-tohydrogen conversion systems.

Key words: Cocatalyst, Photocatalysis, Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Metal sulfide, Water-splitting

ZHOU Yu, WANG Weikang, LI Jinhe, REN Wei, WANG Lele, LIU Qinqin. Transition Metal Sulfide Cocatalysts: Applications and Challenges in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production[J]. 高等学校化学研究, 2025, 41(4): 687-703.

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Transition Metal Sulfide Cocatalysts: Applications and Challenges in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Transition Metal Sulfide Cocatalysts: Applications and Challenges in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

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